Question

1. the term divine - right is best defined as a

a) revolution to gain political rights and freedoms
b) philosophy that encourages religious toleration
c) belief that a rulers authority comes from god
d) system in which a monarch has limited power

1. louis xiv strengthened the power of the monarchy in

france by
a) centralizing control
b) granting democratic reforms
c) practicing religious toleration
d) reducing the size of the bureaucracy

1. what happened in russia as a result of actions taken

by peter the great?
a) russia was weakened by french invasions.
b) catholicism was adopted as the state religion.
c) the duma was reformed and the serfs were
freed.
d) russia borrowed western ideas and expanded its
territories.

1. supported reforms

believed in natural rights and religious toleration
viewed themselves as servants of their state
in the 18th century, european leaders that fit these
characteristics were best known as
a) theocratic monarchs
b) enlightened despots
c) totalitarian dictators
d) prime ministers

1. which writer opposed political absolutism?

a) niccolò machiavelli
b) james i
c) jacques - bénigne bossuet
d) john locke

1. base your answer to the following question on the

passage below and on your knowledge of social
studies.
... the power of god can be felt in a moment
from one end of the world to the other: the royal
power acts simultaneously throughout the
kingdom. it holds the whole kingdom in position
just as god holds the whole world.
if god were to withdraw his hand, the entire world
would return to nothing: if authority ceases in the
kingdom, all lapses into confusion....

• bishop jacques - bénigne bossuet

which historical era is most closely associated with
this passage?
a) industrial revolution
b) agricultural revolution
c) age of imperialism
d) age of absolutism

1. many european monarchs of the 1600s maintained

that they should have absolute power to rule because
a) needed to defend their nations against threats
from the western hemisphere
b) thought that all people should have the right to a
good ruler
c) had been given their power to govern from god
d) thought that communism was the superior
political system

1. the ideas of montesquieu, rousseau, and voltaire are

most closely associated with the
a) congress of vienna
b) scientific revolution
c) enlightenment
d) unification of italy

1. the idea that all people are born with the natural

rights of life, liberty, and property is most directly
associated with the writings of
a) baron de montesquieu
b) thomas hobbes
c) jacques - bénigne bossuet
d) john locke

Explanation:

1. The divine - right theory holds that a ruler's authority comes from God.
2. Louis XIV centralized control to strengthen monarchy.
3. Peter the Great borrowed Western ideas and expanded Russia's territories.
4. Enlightened despots supported reforms, natural rights and religious tolerance and saw themselves as servants of the state.
5. John Locke opposed political absolutism.
6. The passage reflects the idea of divine - right which is associated with the Age of Absolutism.
7. Many absolute monarchs in the 1600s believed they had absolute power as it was given by God.
8. The ideas of Montesquieu, Rousseau and Voltaire are closely associated with the Enlightenment.
9. The idea of natural rights of life, liberty and property is associated with John Locke.

Answer:

1. D
2. A
3. D
4. B
5. D
6. D
7. B
8. C
9. D