Question

three components of emotion and the universal emotions

1. what is the psychological definition of emotion?
2. identify 3 physical responses to an emotion.
3. what are the cognitive components of an emotion?
4. how can cognitive experiences cause emotions?
5. what are the 4 characteristics of an emotion?
6. identify the 6 \universal emotions.\
7. why are these called \universal?\
8. how many of the 6 were you able to correctly identify?
9. why did darwin see these as an evolutionary advantage?

theories of emotion

1. define the james - lange theory of emotion.
2. define the cannon - bard theory of emotion.
3. define the schlachter - singer theory of emotion.
4. define the lazarus theory of emotion.

Explanation:

1. Emotion in psychology is a complex state involving physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience.
2. Three physical responses to emotion can be increased heart - rate, sweating, and muscle tension.
3. Cognitive components of emotion include appraisals, thoughts, and interpretations of a situation.
4. Cognitive experiences can cause emotions as our thoughts about an event determine how we feel about it. For example, misinterpreting a neutral event as threatening can cause fear.
5. Four characteristics of emotion are valence (positive or negative), intensity, duration, and expressivity.
6. The six "universal emotions" are happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, and disgust.
7. They are called "universal" because they are recognized across different cultures.
8. This answer depends on the individual's knowledge.
9. Darwin saw these emotions as an evolutionary advantage because they could signal intentions (e.g., anger can signal a threat) and aid in survival and social interactions.

For theories of emotion:

1. The James - Lange theory posits that emotions are the result of physiological reactions to events. We feel sad because we cry, for example.
2. The Cannon - Bard theory states that emotional experience and physiological arousal occur simultaneously.
3. The Schachter - Singer theory suggests that emotions are based on physiological arousal and cognitive labeling of that arousal.
4. The Lazarus theory emphasizes that cognitive appraisal of a situation precedes and determines the emotion felt.

Answer:

1. A complex state involving physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience.
2. Increased heart - rate, sweating, muscle tension.
3. Appraisals, thoughts, interpretations.
4. Our thoughts about an event determine our emotions.
5. Valence, intensity, duration, expressivity.
6. Happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, disgust.
7. Recognized across different cultures.
8. Varies by individual.
9. Signaled intentions and aided in survival and social interactions.

Theories of Emotion:

1. Emotions are the result of physiological reactions to events.
2. Emotional experience and physiological arousal occur simultaneously.
3. Based on physiological arousal and cognitive labeling of that arousal.
4. Cognitive appraisal of a situation precedes and determines the emotion felt.