Question

tonicity and osmosis
key:
solute particle •
cell membrane -----
cell wall —
in all solutions, the solvent is h₂o
part i - fill in the blanks.
a ____________ is a fluid in which a substance is dissolved.
a ____________ is a substance dissolved in a solvent.
a ____________ is a combination of solute and solvent.
the process by which water diffuses across a membrane called ____________.
part ii - look at the solutions illustrated above and fill in the blanks.

1. solution b is __________ to solution a. this is because solution b has a greater concentration of ________ in it than does solution a. solution c has no solutes dissolved in it, therefore it is __________ to both solutions a and b.
2. as a relative concentration of solutes in two solutions increases, of necessity the concentration of water in the same two solutions __________. solution a has a lower concentration of __________ than does solution c; solution a is also hypertonic to solution c.
3. if you wanted to make solution a isotonic to solution b, you could add water to solution __ or you could add solute to solution . if you took all three solutions, put them into a large container and mixed them thoroughly, then redistributed the solution among three containers, solution a would be ________ to solution b. solution a would also be ________ to solution c, and solution c would be __________ to solution b.

part iii - look at the solutions and cells illustrated above and fill in the blanks.
1 because the cytoplasms of the plant and the animal cell have equal concentrations of solutes, we can say their cytoplasms are ____________ to each other. if we put both the plant and the animal cells into

Explanation:

Part II - 2

As solute concentration increases, water concentration decreases due to the inverse - relationship in solutions. Solution A has a lower water concentration than Solution C because it has solutes while C has none.

Part II - 3

To make Solution A isotonic to Solution B, we can add water to B (diluting it) or add solute to A (increasing its solute concentration). When all three solutions are mixed and redistributed, they will have the same solute - water ratio, so they will be isotonic to each other.

Part III - 1

If the cytoplasms of the plant and animal cell have equal solute concentrations, they are isotonic to each other.

Answer:

Part II - 2: decreases; water
Part II - 3: B; A; isotonic; isotonic; isotonic
Part III - 1: isotonic