Question

tonicity and osmosis
key:
solute particle •
cell membrane -----
cell wall —
in all solutions, the solvent is h₂o
part i - fill in the blanks.
a is a fluid in which a substance is dissolved.
a is a substance dissolved in a solvent.
a is a combination of solute and solvent.
the process by which water diffuses across a membrane called.
part ii - look at the solutions illustrated above and fill in the blanks.
1 solution b is to solution a. this is because solution b has a greater
concentration of in it than does solution a. solution c has no solutes dissolved in it,
therefore it is to both solutions a and b.

1. as a relative concentration of solutes in two solutions increases, of necessity the concentration of water in

the same two solutions. solution a has a lower concentration of than
does solution c; solution a is also hypertonic to solution c.

1. if you wanted to make solution a isotonic to solution b, you could add water to solution or you

could add solute to solution. if you took all three solutions, put them into a large container and mixed
them thoroughly, then redistributed the solution among three containers, solution a would be to
solution b. solution a would also be to solution c, and solution c would be to
solution b.
part iii - look at the solutions and cells illustrated above and fill in the blanks.
1 because the cytoplasms of the plant and the animal cell have equal concentrations of solutes, we can say
their cytoplasms are to each other. if we put both the plant and the animal cells into

Explanation:

Step1: Understand tonicity concepts

Tonicity is related to solute - concentration differences. A hypertonic solution has a higher solute concentration than another. A hypotonic solution has a lower solute concentration. An isotonic solution has the same solute concentration.

Step2: Analyze Part II - 1

Solution B has more solutes than Solution A, so Solution B is hypertonic to Solution A. Solution C has no solutes, so it is hypotonic to both A and B.

Step3: Analyze Part II - 2

As solute concentration increases, water concentration decreases. Solution A has more solutes than Solution C, so it has a lower water - concentration.

Step4: Analyze Part II - 3

To make Solution A isotonic to Solution B, we can add water to B (dilute it) or add solute to A. If all three solutions are mixed and redistributed, they will be isotonic to each other.

Step5: Analyze Part III - 1

If the cytoplasms of the plant and animal cell have equal solute concentrations, they are isotonic to each other.

Answer:

Part II - 1: hypertonic; solutes; hypotonic
Part II - 2: decreases; water
Part II - 3: B; A; isotonic; isotonic; isotonic
Part III - 1: isotonic