Question

• two control groups were also used:

◦ negative control group: 34 bats with no exposure to pd
◦ positive control group: 25 bats collected from the wild that already had wns (compares the disease in the wild to that of experimental bats )

how do bats get infected with pd?
inoculated with pd \t29
contact exposure \t16
positive control \t25
airborne exposure \t0
negative control \t0
( x - axis: number of bats with lesions, range 0 - 35 )

look at the bars on the graph. which exposure methods appear to transmit pd and cause wns lesions?
○ direct inoculation, contact exposure, and positive control
○ contact exposure and airborne exposure
○ direct inoculation and contact exposure
○ airborne exposure and negative control
○ direct inoculation only

Explanation:

To determine which exposure methods transmit Pd and cause WNS lesions, we analyze the number of bats with lesions for each method:

• Direct inoculation (inoculated with Pd): 29 bats with lesions.
• Contact exposure: 16 bats with lesions.
• Positive control: 25 bats with lesions (these bats already had WNS, so it's a comparison group, but the graph shows lesions here too).
• Airborne exposure: 0 bats with lesions.
• Negative control: 0 bats with lesions.

The methods with non - zero lesion counts (indicating transmission and lesion formation) are direct inoculation, contact exposure, and positive control.

Answer:

A. direct inoculation, contact exposure, and positive control