Question

unit 5 - cell structure and function

1. complete the venn diagram comparing prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

1. list four differences between plant and animal cells.

a.
b.
c.
d.

1. label the animal cell below with the correct organelles.

Explanation:

Question 31:

To answer this, we recall the structural differences between plant and animal cells. Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, a large central vacuole, and lack centrioles (in most cases), while animal cells lack a cell wall, chloroplasts, have small vacuoles, and have centrioles.

We identify each organelle in an animal cell:

• A: Cell Membrane (surrounds the cell)
• B: Cell Membrane fold (or part of it, but typically cell membrane is labeled here) – wait, more accurately, in an animal cell diagram:
• A: Cytoplasm (the fluid matrix)
• B: Cell Membrane (the outer boundary)
• C: Mitochondrion (powerhouse, oval with folds)
• D: Golgi Apparatus (stacked membranes)
• E: Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (with ribosomes)
• F: Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (without ribosomes)
• G: Nucleolus (inside nucleus)
• H: Nucleus (contains genetic material)

Wait, correcting:

• A: Cytoplasm (the region between cell membrane and nucleus)
• B: Cell Membrane (the outer layer)
• C: Mitochondrion (has cristae, oval)
• D: Golgi Body (stacked, like pancakes)
• E: Rough ER (with ribosomes, near nucleus)
• F: Smooth ER (no ribosomes)
• G: Nucleolus (inside nucleus, dense)
• H: Nucleus (the large organelle with nucleolus)

So labeling:

• A: Cytoplasm
• B: Cell Membrane
• C: Mitochondrion
• D: Golgi Apparatus
• E: Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
• F: Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
• G: Nucleolus
• H: Nucleus

• Prokaryotic (only): No nucleus, no membrane - bound organelles, small in size, e.g., bacteria.
• Both: Have DNA, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes.
• Eukaryotic (only): Have a nucleus, membrane - bound organelles (mitochondria, ER, etc.), larger in size, e.g., animal, plant cells.

So filling the Venn:

• Prokaryotic circle: No nucleus, No membrane - bound organelles, Small size, Bacteria (examples).
• Both circle: Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, Ribosomes, Contain DNA.
• Eukaryotic circle: Has a nucleus, Has membrane - bound organelles (mitochondria, Golgi, etc.), Larger size, Animal/plant/fungi cells (examples).

Answer:

a. Plant cells have a cell wall; animal cells do not.
b. Plant cells have chloroplasts; animal cells do not.
c. Plant cells have a large central vacuole; animal cells have small vacuoles.
d. Animal cells have centrioles; most plant cells do not.

Question 32 (Labeling the animal cell organelles):