Question

unit 2 - lesson 22
modeling the valence of atoms
element symbol valence electrons ion charge
chlorine cl 7 -1
rubidium rb 1 +1
aluminum al
sulfur s
calcium ca

Explanation:

Step1: Recall electron - shell rules

Aluminum (Al) has an atomic number of 13. Its electron - configuration is 2, 8, 3. So the number of valence electrons is 3. To achieve a stable octet, it loses 3 electrons, resulting in an ion charge of + 3.

Step2: Analyze sulfur

Sulfur (S) has an atomic number of 16. Its electron - configuration is 2, 8, 6. So the number of valence electrons is 6. To achieve a stable octet, it gains 2 electrons, resulting in an ion charge of - 2.

Step3: Analyze calcium

Calcium (Ca) has an atomic number of 20. Its electron - configuration is 2, 8, 8, 2. So the number of valence electrons is 2. To achieve a stable octet, it loses 2 electrons, resulting in an ion charge of + 2.

Answer:

Element	Symbol	Valence Electrons	Ion Charge
Sulfur	S	6	- 2
Calcium	Ca	2	+ 2