Question

a. *unit 1 reference sheet - illustrate the following terms in a way that shows their meaning. mercantilism reign of terror popular sovereignty absolute monarchy estate system nationalism d. unit 1 reference sheet - write the complete definition of the following terms. simon bolivar: mary wollstonecraft: congress of vienna: napoleon bonaparte otto von bismarck: enlightened despots:

Explanation:

• Mercantilism: An economic system where a nation aims to accumulate wealth, especially gold and silver, by promoting exports and limiting imports.
• Reign of Terror: A period during the French Revolution (1793 - 1794) marked by extreme violence and political repression, led by the Committee of Public Safety.
• Popular sovereignty: The principle that the authority of a state and its government are created and sustained by the consent of its people, who are the source of all political power.
• Absolute monarchy: A form of government where a single ruler, the monarch, has unrestricted and complete power over the state and its people.
• Estate System: In pre - revolutionary France, a social system divided into three estates: the clergy (First Estate), the nobility (Second Estate), and the commoners (Third Estate).
• Nationalism: A sense of identity and loyalty towards one's nation, often involving the belief in the nation's cultural and political superiority, and a desire for self - determination.
• Simon Bolivar: A Venezuelan military and political leader who played a key role in the Latin American wars of independence against Spanish colonial rule.
• Mary Wollstonecraft: An 18th - century British writer, philosopher, and advocate for women's rights, known for her work "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman".
• Congress of Vienna: A meeting in 1815 of European statesmen after the Napoleonic Wars, aimed at restoring stability and balance of power in Europe.
• Napoleon Bonaparte: A French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and established the French Consulate and later the First French Empire.
• Otto von Bismarck: A Prussian statesman who played a crucial role in the unification of Germany and served as the first Chancellor of the German Empire.
• Enlightened despots: Rulers in the 18th century who were influenced by Enlightenment ideas, implementing some reforms while still maintaining autocratic power.

Answer:

• Mercantilism: An economic system focused on wealth accumulation through trade.
• Reign of Terror: Violent and repressive phase of French Revolution.
• Popular sovereignty: People are source of political power.
• Absolute monarchy: Monarch has unrestricted power.
• Estate System: Social division in pre - revolutionary France.
• Nationalism: Loyalty and identity towards one's nation.
• Simon Bolivar: Key figure in Latin American independence.
• Mary Wollstonecraft: Advocate for women's rights.
• Congress of Vienna: Post - Napoleonic meeting for European stability.
• Napoleon Bonaparte: Influential French military and political leader.
• Otto von Bismarck: Important in German unification.
• Enlightened despots: Rulers with Enlightenment - inspired reforms.