Question

unit 1: scientific inquiry & method
d) do different brands of paper towels absorb more water?

• independent variable:
• dependent variable:
• controlled variables (3):
• control group:

e) does the diameter of a marble affect how long it takes for the marble to roll down a ramp?

• independent variable:
• dependent variable:
• controlled variables (3):
• control group:

f) are hummingbirds attracted to the colour red?

• independent variable:
• dependent variable:
• controlled variables (3):
• control group:

Explanation:

Step1: Identify independent variable

The independent variable is the factor that is changed or manipulated in an experiment.

Step2: Identify dependent variable

The dependent variable is what is being measured or observed, and it depends on the independent variable.

Step3: Identify controlled variables

Controlled variables are factors that are kept the same throughout the experiment to ensure that only the independent variable affects the dependent variable.

Step4: Identify control group

The control group serves as a baseline for comparison in the experiment.

Answer:

d)

• Independent variable: Brand of paper towel
• Dependent variable: Amount of water absorbed
• Controlled variables (3): Amount of water available, Temperature of water, Size of paper - towel piece
• Control Group: A standard - brand paper towel (or a non - tested, common brand)

e)

• Independent variable: Diameter of the marble
• Dependent variable: Time it takes for the marble to roll down the ramp
• Controlled variables (3): Height of the ramp, Surface material of the ramp, Starting position of the marble
• Control Group: A marble of a standard diameter (e.g., a commonly - available marble size)

f)

• Independent variable: Color (presence of red)
• Dependent variable: Number of hummingbirds attracted
• Controlled variables (3): Type of feeder, Location of feeder, Time of day
• Control Group: A feeder of a non - red color (e.g., white)