Question

use the answer choices below to answer the questions that follow. (a) ^{36}cl^{-} (b) ^{9}be (c) ^{9}_{4} ^{2 + } (d) ^{10}be^{+} (e) ^{36}_{18} (f) ^{16}o^{2 - } (g) ^{20}f^{-} (h) ^{26}_{15} 1. ____ an atom has 4 protons, 5 neutrons, and 4 electrons. 2. __ all neutral atoms. 3. ____ an ion with 4 protons and 6 neutrons. 4. which of the atoms/ions below have the same number of neutrons? (a) a & e (b) b & d (c) g & h (d) c & f 5. **which of the atoms/ions below have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons? (a) a & e (b) b & c & d (c) d & h (d) c & f

Explanation:

Step1: Identify element based on protons

The atomic number (Z) is equal to the number of protons. For an atom with 4 protons, the element is beryllium (Be). Since it has 4 electrons, it is neutral. The mass - number (A) is the sum of protons and neutrons, so \(A=4 + 5=9\). The symbol is \(^{9}Be\), so the answer to question 1 is B.

Step2: Understand neutral atoms

All neutral atoms have the same number of protons and electrons. But this doesn't help to pick from the given options in a specific way as it's a general statement. However, the symbol of a neutral atom is just the element symbol with mass - number and atomic number.

Step3: Identify ion with 4 protons

An ion with 4 protons is beryllium. If it has a 2+ charge, it has lost 2 electrons. The number of neutrons is still 5 and the symbol is \(_{4}^{9}Be^{2 +}\), so the answer to question 3 is C.

Step4: Calculate neutrons for each option

For \(^{36}Cl^{-}\): Atomic number of Cl is 17, number of neutrons \(n = 36-17 = 19\). For \(^{9}Be\): \(n=9 - 4=5\). For \(_{4}^{9}Be^{2 +}\): \(n = 9 - 4=5\). For \(^{10}Be^{+}\): \(n=10 - 4 = 6\). For \(_{18}^{36}\): Assuming it's an atom of argon, \(n=36 - 18=18\). For \(^{16}O^{2 -}\): Atomic number of O is 8, \(n=16 - 8 = 8\). For \(^{20}F^{-}\): Atomic number of F is 9, \(n=20 - 9 = 11\). For \(_{15}^{26}\): Assuming it's an atom of phosphorus, \(n=26 - 15 = 11\). C (\(_{4}^{9}Be^{2 +}\)) and F (\(^{16}O^{2 -}\)) do not have the same number of neutrons. A (\(^{36}Cl^{-}\)) and E (\(_{18}^{36}\)) do not have the same number of neutrons. B (\(^{9}Be\)) and D (\(^{10}Be^{+}\)) have different numbers of neutrons. G (\(^{20}F^{-}\)) and H (\(_{15}^{26}\)) both have 11 neutrons, so the answer to question 4 is C.

Step5: Check protons and neutrons

For A (\(^{36}Cl^{-}\)): 17 protons. For E (\(_{18}^{36}\)): 18 protons. For B (\(^{9}Be\)): 4 protons. For C (\(_{4}^{9}Be^{2 +}\)): 4 protons. For D (\(^{10}Be^{+}\)): 4 protons. B, C, and D all have 4 protons but different numbers of neutrons (B has 5 neutrons, C has 5 neutrons, D has 6 neutrons), so the answer to question 5 is B.

Answer:

1. B. \(^{9}Be\)
2. N/A (general statement, no specific answer from options)
3. C. \(_{4}^{9}Be^{2 +}\)
4. C. G & H
5. B. B & C & D