Question

what causes the force that pushes magma from the magma chamber through the pipe and vent of a volcano?
○ gravity
○ water flow
○ expanding gases
○ convergent boundaries

Explanation:

Magma contains dissolved gases. As magma rises toward the surface, pressure decreases, causing these gases to expand rapidly. This expansion creates the force that propels magma through the volcano's pipe and vent. Gravity acts downward, water flow is not a primary driver, and convergent boundaries are a setting for magma formation, not the direct force for magma ejection.

Answer:

expanding gases