8. what is the difference between the dependent and independent variables?
9. what is the difference between the control and experimental group?
10. what is the difference between quantitative and qualitative data?
1.3 - patterns of life
- make sure to study your vocabulary words
- review your notes
11. what is biology?
12. explain each of the characteristics that determine living things.
13. what is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction?
14. what is dna?

Question

Accepted Answer

### Question 8
# Brief Explanations:
In an experiment, the independent variable is the factor that is manipulated or changed by the researcher (e.g., amount of fertilizer given to plants). The dependent variable is the factor that is measured or observed and is expected to change in response to the independent variable (e.g., the growth of the plants). So the independent variable is the cause, and the dependent variable is the effect.
# Answer:
Independent variable: Manipulated/changed by researcher (cause). Dependent variable: Measured/observed, changes in response (effect).

### Question 9
# Brief Explanations:
The control group is a group in an experiment that is not exposed to the independent variable and is used for comparison (e.g., plants not given fertilizer to compare with those that are). The experimental group is the group that is exposed to the independent variable (e.g., plants given different amounts of fertilizer) to see the effect.
# Answer:
Control group: Not exposed to IV, for comparison. Experimental group: Exposed to IV, to observe effect.

### Question 10
# Brief Explanations:
Quantitative data is numerical data that can be measured or counted (e.g., height in cm, number of students), often involving numbers and statistics. Qualitative data is non - numerical data that describes qualities or characteristics (e.g., color of a flower, texture of a fabric), often in words.
# Answer:
Quantitative: Numerical, measurable/countable. Qualitative: Non - numerical, descriptive.

### Question 11
# Brief Explanations:
Biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms. It encompasses the study of their structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, and interactions with the environment. For example, it studies how cells function, how organisms reproduce, and how ecosystems work.
# Answer:
Biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms (their structure, function, growth, evolution, etc.).

### Question 12
# Brief Explanations:
- **Made of cells**: All living things are composed of one or more cells. Unicellular organisms (like bacteria) have one cell, multicellular organisms (like humans) have many cells.
- **Reproduction**: Living things can reproduce, either sexually (involving two parents, e.g., humans) or asexually (involving one parent, e.g., bacteria dividing).
- **Metabolism**: They perform chemical reactions to obtain energy (e.g., photosynthesis in plants, cellular respiration in animals) and use it for growth, repair, etc.
- **Homeostasis**: They maintain a stable internal environment (e.g., humans regulate body temperature, blood pH).
- **Heredity**: They pass on traits from parents to offspring (e.g., eye color in humans is inherited).
- **Response to stimuli**: They react to changes in the environment (e.g., plants grow towards light, animals run from danger).
- **Growth and development**: They grow (increase in size/number of cells) and develop (change in form/function over time, e.g., a caterpillar becoming a butterfly).
# Answer:
- Cells: Composed of one or more cells.
- Reproduction: Can reproduce (sexual/asexual).
- Metabolism: Perform energy - related chemical reactions.
- Homeostasis: Maintain stable internal environment.
- Heredity: Pass traits to offspring.
- Response to stimuli: React to environment changes.
- Growth/development: Grow and develop over time.

### Question 13
# Brief Explanations:
- **Sexual reproduction**: Involves two parents (male and female). Gametes (sperm and egg) are produced, and when they fuse (fertilization), a zygote is formed. Offspring have a combination of genes from both parents, so there is genetic variation (e.g., humans, dogs).
- **Asexual reproduction**: Involves one parent. The offspring are genetically identical to the parent (clones). Methods include binary fission (bacteria), budding (yeast), fragmentation (starfish).
# Answer:
Sexual: Two parents, gametes, genetic variation. Asexual: One parent, clones, no gamete fusion.

### Question 14
# Brief Explanations:
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is a molecule that carries the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. It has a double - helix structure, and its building blocks are nucleotides (composed of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base: adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine). The sequence of these bases encodes genetic information.
# Answer:
DNA is a molecule carrying genetic instructions for life processes, with a double - helix structure, made of nucleotides (sugar, phosphate, base), encoding genetic info.

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