Question

1. what is the inheritance pattern seen below? autosomal dominant

Explanation:

To determine the inheritance pattern, we analyze the pedigree:

1. Autosomal Dominant Clues:

• Affected individuals (filled symbols) appear in multiple generations.
• Unaffected parents (empty symbols) do not have affected children (since dominant traits require at least one dominant allele; if parents are unaffected, they have recessive alleles, so children would be recessive/unaffected).
• Both males and females are affected, and there’s no sex - linked bias (e.g., no more males or females affected, which would suggest X - linked).
• Affected individuals have a mix of affected and unaffected children, consistent with dominant inheritance (Aa × aa can produce Aa (affected) and aa (unaffected)).

1. Eliminating Other Patterns:

• Autosomal recessive would require affected children from unaffected (carrier) parents, but here affected individuals are in successive generations, and unaffected parents don’t have affected kids (ruling out recessive).
• X - linked dominant would show more affected females or father - to - daughter transmission patterns, not seen here.
• X - linked recessive shows more affected males, which is not the case.
• Y - linked is male - only, but females are affected here.

Answer:

Autosomal Dominant Inheritance