Question

1. what molecule is most commonly broken down during cellular respiration and fermentation?
2. what organelle, present in animal and plant cells, completes the breakdown of glucose during cellular respiration?
3. what kind of biomolecule is glucose?
4. what reactant must be present for aerobic cellular respiration to occur but is absent from fermentation?
5. what gas is produced as an end product of cellular respiration and ethanol fermentation?
6. what molecule is formed using energy in glucose and adp + ⑱ during cellular respiration?
7. where does fermentation take place in a cell?
8. what molecule is made when animal cells run fermentation?
9. what were the contents of the vial that served as the negative control for the soybean experiment?
10. what were the contents of the vial used to correct for changes in volume caused by atmospheric pressure or temperature changes?
11. what does movement of the marker in the side arm of a respirometer toward a tube containing germinating soybeans indicate?
12. what biomolecule is the product of fermentation when done by yeast?
13. what end product was measured during the yeast fermentation experiment?
14. what kind of biomolecule is the sucrose that was used during the fermentation experiment?

Explanation:

1. Glucose is the most common molecule broken - down in cellular respiration and fermentation as it is a primary energy - source.
2. Mitochondria are the organelles that complete glucose breakdown in cellular respiration in animal and plant cells.
3. Glucose is a carbohydrate, specifically a monosaccharide.
4. Oxygen is required for aerobic cellular respiration but absent in fermentation.
5. Carbon dioxide is produced as an end - product of cellular respiration and ethanol fermentation.
6. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is formed using energy from glucose and ADP + Pi during cellular respiration.
7. Fermentation occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell.
8. Lactic acid is made when animal cells run fermentation.
9. Without specific details about the soybean experiment, a negative control vial might contain a solution without the experimental variable (e.g., no soybeans).
10. A vial with non - living material or a substance that does not change under experimental conditions is used to correct for volume changes due to atmospheric pressure or temperature.
11. Movement of the marker in a respirometer towards a tube with germinating soybeans indicates oxygen consumption.
12. Ethanol is a biomolecule produced by yeast fermentation.
13. Carbon dioxide is often measured as an end - product in yeast fermentation experiments.
14. Sucrose is a carbohydrate, specifically a disaccharide.

Answer:

1. Glucose
2. Mitochondria
3. Carbohydrate (monosaccharide)
4. Oxygen
5. Carbon dioxide
6. ATP
7. Cytoplasm
8. Lactic acid
9. A solution without the experimental variable (e.g., no soybeans)
10. A vial with non - living material or a substance that does not change under experimental conditions
11. Oxygen consumption
12. Ethanol
13. Carbon dioxide
14. Carbohydrate (disaccharide)