Question

what is the nature of the p - o bond in phosphorus pentoxide (p₂o₅)?
elements electronegativity
calcium (ca) 1.0
carbon (c) 2.55
fluorine (f) 4.0
hydrogen (h) 2.2
phosphorus (p) 2.19
sodium (na) 0.93
oxygen (o) 3.44
elements electronegativity
calcium (ca) 1.0
carbon (c) 2.55
fluorine (f) 4.0
hydrogen (h) 2.2
phosphorus (p) 2.19
sodium (na) 0.93
oxygen (o) 3.44
a. nonpolar covalent
b. moderately polar covalent
c. highly polar covalent

Explanation:

Step1: Find electronegativity difference

The electronegativity of P is 2.19 and of O is 3.44. The difference $\Delta\chi=3.44 - 2.19=1.25$.

Step2: Determine bond nature

If $\Delta\chi<0.5$, the bond is non - polar covalent. If $0.5\leq\Delta\chi<1.7$, the bond is polar covalent. If $\Delta\chi\geq1.7$, the bond is ionic. Since $0.5\leq1.25<1.7$, the P - O bond is polar covalent. And 1.25 indicates it is moderately polar.

Answer:

B. moderately polar covalent