Question

1.1 what is science

1. why are ideas in science constantly changing?
2. science is usually defined as the use of

and to construct testable

1. science deals only with the
2. science aims to use explanations supported by evidence to understand
3. how is scientific knowledge different from other types of knowledge?

science methodology

1. what is scientific methodology?
2. (figure 1 - 2) salt marsh experiment

a) what question was asked?
b) what was inferred?
c) what was added to the experimental group?
d) what data was gathered?
e) what was the conclusion?

1. scientific investigations begin with
2. a logical interpretation based on what scientists already know is called an
3. a hypothesis is a tentative

that can be tested.

1. in a controlled experiment, all

are kept constant except the one being tested.

1. the variable that is deliberately changed is called the

the one that changes in response is the

1. a control group is exposed to the same

except for the variable being tested.

1. type of data that involves counting or measuring

type of data that describes characteristics that cant be measured:

1. why do scientists try to use large sample sizes?
2. data analysis can support or

the hypothesis being tested.

1. when are hypotheses tested by field observations?
2. a

describes a well - tested explanation for a range of phenomena.

1. what theory is the central organizing principle of biology?
2. plan an investigation to test the effect of water temperature on goldfish respiration. sketch your design below and identify the independent and dependent variables.

Explanation:

1. Ideas in science change as new evidence is discovered and understanding evolves.
2. Science uses observation and experimentation to construct testable explanations about the natural world.
3. Science deals with the natural world.
4. Scientific knowledge is based on evidence - based explanations.
5. It is testable, reproducible, and builds on previous knowledge.
6. Scientific methodology is a systematic approach to gathering knowledge, including observation, hypothesis - formation, experimentation, data - analysis, and conclusion - drawing.
7. Without seeing Figure 1 - 2, cannot answer a - e precisely. But generally, a scientific experiment starts with a question, makes inferences, has an experimental variable added, gathers data (quantitative or qualitative), and draws a conclusion.
8. Scientific investigations begin with an observation.
9. A logical interpretation based on what scientists already know is called an inference.
10. A hypothesis is a tentative explanation that can be tested.
11. In a controlled experiment, all variables are kept constant except the one being tested.
12. The variable that is deliberately changed is called the independent variable. The one that changes in response is the dependent variable.
13. A control group is exposed to the same conditions except for the variable being tested.
14. Type of data that involves counting or measuring is quantitative data. Type of data that describes characteristics that can't be measured is qualitative data.
15. Scientists try to use large sample sizes to increase the reliability and validity of results and reduce the impact of chance.
16. Data analysis can support or reject the hypothesis being tested.
17. Hypotheses are tested by field observations when it is not possible or ethical to conduct experiments in a laboratory setting.
18. A theory describes a well - tested explanation for a range of phenomena.
19. The central organizing principle of biology is the theory of evolution.
20. For the goldfish respiration experiment: Independent variable is water temperature. Dependent variable is the rate of goldfish respiration. Design could involve having multiple aquariums with goldfish, each at a different water temperature, and counting the number of gill movements per minute for each goldfish over a set period of time.

Answer:

1. Because new evidence is constantly being discovered.
2. Observation, experimentation; explanations about the natural
3. Natural world
4. It is evidence - based
5. It is testable, reproducible, and builds on previous knowledge
6. A systematic approach to gathering knowledge including observation, hypothesis - formation, experimentation, data - analysis, and conclusion - drawing
7. Without figure, cannot answer precisely
8. An observation
9. Inference
10. Explanation
11. Variables
12. Independent; Dependent
13. Conditions
14. Quantitative data; Qualitative data
15. To increase reliability and validity and reduce the impact of chance
16. Reject
17. When it is not possible or ethical to conduct experiments in a laboratory setting
18. Theory
19. Theory of evolution
20. Independent variable: Water temperature. Dependent variable: Rate of goldfish respiration. Design: Multiple aquariums with goldfish at different water temperatures, count gill movements per minute over a set time period.