Question

what do the verbs \ser\ and \estar\ mean in english?

Explanation:

In Spanish, the verb "ser" is used to express permanent or inherent characteristics (like identity, profession, nationality, etc.) and is translated to "to be" (for these permanent aspects). The verb "estar" is used for temporary states, locations, or conditions and is also translated to "to be" (for these temporary aspects). For example, "Yo soy alto" (I am tall - permanent, using ser) and "La casa está limpia" (The house is clean - temporary state, using estar).

Answer:

Both "ser" and "estar" translate to "to be" in English, but they are used in different contexts in Spanish (ser for permanent/inherent aspects, estar for temporary states/locations/conditions).