Question

1 which of the following best describes the role of dilmun in the early indian ocean trade?
a acting as intermediaries between the harappan and mesopotamian civilizations
b. developing plank - built watercraft for long - distance voyages
c establishing coastal settlements to serve as harappan trading outposts
d. initiating direct maritime contacts between bronze age egypt and india

2 what was a significant contribution of the austronesian peoples to the indian ocean trade network?
a. consolidating the mediterranean basin to strengthen maritime trade
b. introducing advanced sailing technology like catamarans and outrigger boats
c. establishing trade routes with japan evidenced by the discovery of beads
d. eliminating taxes imposed by middlemen on land - based routes

Explanation:

1. For the first question: Dilmun (modern Bahrain) was a key trading hub in the early Indian Ocean, facilitating trade and communication between the Harappan civilization (Indus Valley) and Mesopotamia, acting as an intermediary. Options B, C, and D do not align with its core historical role.
2. For the second question: Austronesian peoples were skilled seafarers who spread advanced sailing technologies like catamarans and outrigger boats across the Indian Ocean, enabling longer and safer voyages. The other options are not linked to their contributions to this trade network.

Answer:

1. A. Acting as intermediaries between the Harappan and Mesopotamian civilizations
2. B. Introducing advanced sailing technology like catamarans and outrigger boats