Question

which of the following is not an example of a disturbance?
insect outbreak
thunderstorm
windstorm
deforestation

Explanation:

In ecological terms, disturbances are events that disrupt ecosystems, including natural events and some human activities. Insect outbreaks, thunderstorms, and windstorms are natural disturbances that alter ecosystem structure. Deforestation is a human-driven land use change, not a discrete disturbance event but a prolonged, intentional modification of an ecosystem.

Answer:

D. Deforestation