Question

which of the following types of mining is most likely to cause disruption on the surface of the earth? room and pillar method mountaintop removal, strip mining long wall method below ground mining

Explanation:

Room and pillar, long wall, and below ground mining are all subsurface mining methods that operate underground, causing minimal direct surface disruption. Mountaintop removal and strip mining are surface mining techniques that involve removing large portions of the earth's surface (entire mountaintops or overlying soil/rock layers) to access resources, resulting in extreme and direct surface disruption.

Answer:

mountaintop removal, strip mining