Question

which statement explains the basis of electronegativity?
larger atoms carry more electrons.
electrons in the same shell are more attracted to nuclei with a higher number of protons.
the larger the atom, the stronger the nuclear charge.
heavier atoms tend to attract electrons more strongly than lighter atoms.

Explanation:

Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract bonding electrons. For atoms with electrons in the same valence shell, shielding from inner electrons is similar. A higher number of protons (greater nuclear charge) creates a stronger pull on these shared electrons, which is the core basis of electronegativity trends. The other options are incorrect: larger atoms have weaker nuclear attraction for outer electrons, larger atoms do not have stronger nuclear charge relative to their size, and heavier atoms do not always attract electrons more strongly (e.g., heavier atoms in a group have lower electronegativity).

Answer:

Electrons in the same shell are more attracted to nuclei with a higher number of protons.