Question

1. how did rené descartes believe people should discover truth? through loyalty to the king; by accepting church teachings without question; by relying on emotional instincts; through reason and logical thinking. 11. which enlightenment thinker proposed the idea of a social contract? montesquieu; newton; rousseau; voltaire. 12. what method did scientists during the scientific revolution rely on to understand the natural world? observation and experimentation; superstition; prayer; ancient texts.

Explanation:

1. René Descartes emphasized the use of reason and logical thinking to establish certain knowledge and discover truth. He is known for his method of doubt and the pursuit of clear - and - distinct ideas through rational thought.
2. Jean - Jacques Rousseau proposed the idea of a social contract, which is a theoretical agreement among people to form a society and give up some individual freedoms for the common good.
3. During the Scientific Revolution, scientists relied on observation and experimentation to understand the natural world. This was a departure from relying on ancient texts, superstition, or prayer.

Answer:

1. Through reason and logical thinking
2. Rousseau
3. Observation and experimentation