Question

1. photosynthesis and cellular respiration are part of a continuous cycle that moves energy and carbon through living systems. photosynthesis captures energy from sunlight and uses it to convert inorganic carbon dioxide into organic molecules, in a process called the calvin cycle. cellular respiration then breaks down those organic molecules to release usable energy, in a process called the citric acid cycle.

a. what does each process do, and what are its main products?

b. how does photosynthesis make carbon usable for living things?

c. how does cellular respiration extract energy from those carbon - based molecules?

d. why is this cycle important for sustaining life on earth?

1. how do changes in environmental conditions, specifically light and temperature, influence the way a plant produces and uses energy?

a. how would less light affect photosynthesis?

b. how would high or low temperatures affect respiration?

c. how do these changes impact a plants ability to grow, reproduce, or store energy?

Explanation:

a. Photosynthesis captures solar energy to convert carbon - dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Cellular respiration breaks down glucose in the presence of oxygen to produce ATP, carbon - dioxide, and water.
b. Photosynthesis uses the energy from sunlight to fix inorganic carbon dioxide into organic molecules like glucose, which can be used by living things as an energy source and a building block for growth and repair.
c. Cellular respiration extracts energy from carbon - based molecules through a series of redox reactions in glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, generating ATP.
d. This cycle is important for sustaining life on Earth as it provides the energy (in the form of ATP) and organic molecules (like glucose) for organisms to grow, reproduce, and maintain their metabolic processes. Also, it helps in the cycling of carbon and oxygen in the biosphere.
11a. Less light would decrease the rate of photosynthesis as light is an essential energy source for the light - dependent reactions, which provide ATP and NADPH for the Calvin cycle.
11b. High temperatures can denature the enzymes involved in respiration, reducing its rate. Low temperatures can slow down the kinetic energy of molecules and thus slow down the rate of respiration reactions.
11c. Decreased photosynthesis due to less light or disrupted respiration due to temperature changes can limit a plant's ability to grow as it has less energy for cell division and expansion. It can also affect reproduction as energy is needed for flower and seed production. Storage of energy in the form of starch may also be reduced.

Answer:

a. Photosynthesis: Captures solar energy to make glucose and oxygen. Cellular respiration: Breaks down glucose to make ATP, carbon - dioxide, and water.
b. Fixes inorganic carbon dioxide into organic molecules.
c. Through a series of redox reactions generating ATP.
d. Provides energy and organic molecules, cycles carbon and oxygen.
11a. Decreases the rate of photosynthesis.
11b. High temperatures can denature enzymes, low temperatures slow down reactions.
11c. Limits growth, affects reproduction, reduces energy storage.