Question

1. what was the positive outcome of the russo-japanese war for japan? what was the negative outcome?
2. how did the russo-japanese war affect america? how did it affect russia?
3. what action finally showed that japans efforts were successful and they would be safe from western imperialism?

Explanation:

For Question 10:

• Positive outcome: Japan gained territorial concessions (Port Arthur, southern Sakhalin) and economic rights in Manchuria, establishing itself as a major regional power and gaining Western recognition as a modern military force.
• Negative outcome: The war left Japan with massive war debt, leading to economic strain and inflation; also, the Treaty of Portsmouth did not grant Japan the large indemnity it expected, causing public unrest at home.

For Question 11:

• Impact on America: The U.S. mediated the Treaty of Portsmouth (1905), boosting its global diplomatic prestige; it also opened the door for increased U.S. economic and political influence in East Asia, particularly in the Philippines and China.
• Impact on Russia: Russia suffered heavy military and economic losses, which fueled domestic unrest, weakening the tsarist regime and contributing to the 1905 Russian Revolution; it also lost its dominant position in East Asia, forcing a shift of focus back to European affairs.

For Question 12:

Japan's successful negotiation of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance (1902, renewed after the war) and its victory in the Russo-Japanese War, followed by Western powers (including the U.S. in the Root-Takahira Agreement of 1908) recognizing Japan's regional sphere of influence, confirmed its status as a legitimate world power and protected it from Western imperial encroachment. The most definitive action was the formal recognition of Japan's gains in the Treaty of Portsmouth, backed by Western powers, which established Japan as an equal among imperial nations.

Answer:

10.

• Positive outcome: Gained territory/regional power, Western recognition.
• Negative outcome: Crippling war debt, public unrest over unmet indemnity demands.

11.

• America: Boosted diplomatic prestige, expanded East Asian influence.
• Russia: Domestic unrest/1905 Revolution, lost East Asian dominance.

12.
The formal recognition of Japan's territorial and diplomatic gains in the 1905 Treaty of Portsmouth (mediated by the U.S.) and the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, which established Japan as an equal imperial power and deterred Western imperial aggression.