Question

1. environmental impacts (3.3) sketch 3 graphs of the effects of temperature, concentration, and ph on enzyme activity. indicate the optimal range on each graph. relate the effect of temperature to enzyme structure.

Explanation:

1. Temperature - enzyme activity graph: Enzyme activity initially increases with temperature as kinetic energy rises, reaching a peak at the optimal temperature where the enzyme has the best - folded structure for maximum activity. Beyond the optimal temperature, the enzyme starts to denature due to the breaking of non - covalent bonds, and activity drops rapidly. The optimal range is the narrow temperature band around the peak of the curve.
2. Concentration - enzyme activity graph: As substrate concentration increases, enzyme activity increases until all enzyme active sites are saturated. At this point, the enzyme is working at its maximum rate. The optimal range is in the region where the enzyme is not yet saturated and activity is increasing with substrate concentration.
3. pH - enzyme activity graph: Each enzyme has an optimal pH at which it functions best. Deviations from this pH can disrupt the ionic and hydrogen bonding within the enzyme, altering its structure and reducing activity. The optimal range is the pH range around the peak of the activity curve.

Answer:

1. For the temperature - enzyme activity graph: Plot enzyme activity on the y - axis and temperature on the x - axis. The curve will be a bell - shaped curve with the optimal temperature range indicated around the peak.
2. For the concentration - enzyme activity graph: Plot enzyme activity on the y - axis and substrate concentration on the x - axis. The curve will rise steadily and then level off. The optimal range is in the rising part of the curve before saturation.
3. For the pH - enzyme activity graph: Plot enzyme activity on the y - axis and pH on the x - axis. The curve will be bell - shaped with the optimal pH range indicated around the peak.