Question

1. continue to add organisms to your island. you will eventually add pollinators to help the flowers reproduce. what does this do for small shrubs or bushes?
2. don’t forget to include animals! what do we call the final stage of primary succession?
3. once you have reached your climax community, list them in order, starting with your pioneer species and ending with tertiary consumers. then, in the space below, draw and color your final climax community.

Explanation:

Question 13

To help flowers reproduce, we add pollinators (like bees, butterflies). Pollinators transfer pollen, enabling fertilization. For small shrubs/bushes, pollinators aid in their reproduction too (if they flower) by facilitating pollination, which is vital for seed/fruit production, helping them grow and spread.

In primary succession (which starts on bare, inorganic surfaces like rock), the final, stable, self - sustaining stage of ecological succession is called a "climax community". A climax community has a balanced, stable mix of species adapted to the environment, with little change in species composition over time (unless disturbed).

1. Pioneer Species: These are the first organisms to colonize a barren area. For example, in a terrestrial primary succession, lichens and mosses are common pioneer species. They can grow on bare rock, secrete acids to break down rock into soil, and trap organic matter.
2. Intermediate Species: After pioneer species modify the environment, other species can move in. For example, grasses, then small herbaceous plants, and then shrubs. These species further enrich the soil, provide more complex habitats, and change the microclimate.
3. Climax Community (with Tertiary Consumers): The climax community is a stable, self - sustaining community. Let's take a forest climax community as an example:

• Producer: Tall trees (e.g., oak, maple) and understory plants.
• Primary Consumers: Herbivores like deer (eat plants), squirrels (eat nuts/seeds).
• Secondary Consumers: Carnivores that eat primary consumers, like foxes (eat squirrels, small rodents) or birds of prey (eat small mammals).
• Tertiary Consumers: Top predators that eat secondary consumers, like wolves (eat deer, foxes) or mountain lions.

To draw the climax community, you can represent a forest scene: draw tall trees, understory plants, deer grazing, squirrels in trees, foxes hunting, and a wolf (or mountain lion) as the tertiary consumer. Color the trees green, the grass brown - green, the animals with their natural colors (deer brown, fox red - brown, wolf grey, etc.).

Answer:

To help flowers (and eventually small shrubs/bushes) reproduce, we add pollinators (e.g., bees, butterflies). Pollinators transfer pollen between flowers, allowing fertilization (needed for seed/fruit production). For shrubs/bushes (if they are flowering plants), pollinators perform the same pollination role to enable their reproduction (seed production, genetic diversity, and spread).

Question 14