Question

1. what does a punnett square determine?
2. explain what probability is
3. explain dominance.
4. a tetrad is formed during which meiosis, i or ii?
5. individual factors which control the traits of an organism are called __________.
6. a(n) _____________ is a different form of a particular gene. they can either be dominant or __________________.

19 ______________________________ is when parts of chromosomes get mixed resulting in new combos of genes.

1. describe each of the following individuals using the words:

homozygous, heterozygous, recessive, dominant
aa
tt
dd

Explanation:

1. Probability is the measure of the likelihood that a specific genetic outcome (like an offspring inheriting a trait) will occur, expressed as a ratio or percentage.
2. Dominance is a genetic relationship where one allele (dominant) masks the phenotypic expression of another allele (recessive) in a heterozygous organism.
3. Tetrads form when homologous chromosomes pair up, which happens in Prophase I of meiosis.
4. These heritable factors that control specific traits are defined as genes.
5. Alleles are variant forms of a single gene, and they are categorized as dominant or recessive based on their expression.
6. Crossing over is the process where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic segments, creating new gene combinations.

20.

• AA: Has two identical dominant alleles, so it is homozygous dominant.
• Tt: Has one dominant and one recessive allele, so it is heterozygous.
• dd: Has two identical recessive alleles, so it is homozygous recessive.

Answer:

1. Probability is the measure of the likelihood that a specific genetic event or trait inheritance will occur, often expressed as a fraction, decimal, or percentage.
2. Dominance is a genetic principle where one allele (dominant) masks the phenotypic expression of a contrasting recessive allele in a heterozygous individual.
3. Meiosis I
4. genes
5. allele; recessive
6. Crossing over

20.

• AA: Homozygous dominant
• Tt: Heterozygous
• dd: Homozygous recessive