Question

1. along what river did most of the american victories occur in 1777?
2. do you think burgoyne and howe were ready for battle in america? why or why not?
3. define fortifications - pg. 227
4. define counterattack - pg. 227
5. define wentworth cheswell - pg. 227
6. identify the battles of saratoga - pg. 227

who? - a person or group (1pt.)
what? - a complete sentence using the term and who. (1pt.)
when? - a complete sentence giving a specific or approximate date (1pt.)
where? - a complete sentence giving a specific or approximate place (1pt.)

Explanation:

1. This refers to key American Revolutionary War victories in 1777, centered on a major Hudson Valley river.
2. Evaluates British generals' preparedness based on their coordination, supply lines, and understanding of the American theater.
3. A standard military term for defensive structures; the page reference confirms a textbook definition.
4. A standard military term for an attack launched in response to an enemy's attack.
5. Wentworth Cheswell was a Black American figure with roles in the Revolutionary War and local governance.
6. The Battles of Saratoga were a pivotal Revolutionary War campaign, broken into core details of participants, events, timing, and location.

Answer:

1. The Hudson River
2. No, they were not ready. They failed to coordinate their troop movements (Burgoyne moved south from Canada while Howe diverted his army to Philadelphia instead of supporting Burgoyne), and they underestimated the American militia's ability to adapt and fight on home terrain.
3. Fortifications are military structures built to defend a location, such as walls, trenches, or forts, designed to block or slow enemy attacks.
4. A counterattack is an attack launched by a force in response to an enemy's attack, intended to push the enemy back or regain lost ground.
5. Wentworth Cheswell was a free Black American patriot, historian, and public official who served in the New Hampshire militia during the Revolutionary War and was one of the first Black elected officials in the United States.

71)

• Who? British forces led by General John Burgoyne; American forces led by General Horatio Gates and Benedict Arnold
• What? The Battles of Saratoga were two major battles (the Battle of Freeman's Farm on September 19, 1777, and the Battle of Bemis Heights on October 7, 1777) where American forces defeated British troops, leading to Burgoyne's surrender on October 17, 1777.
• When? The battles occurred in September and October of 1777, with Burgoyne's surrender on October 17, 1777.
• Where? The battles took place near Saratoga, New York, along the Hudson River.