Question

advanced study guide - introduction and part 1

1. what are the origins of the idea that the power of governments is not absolute?
2. what were the important principles established by the nuremberg trials of nazi war criminals?
3. explain the different rights emphasized by the united states and soviet union during the cold war

Explanation:

1. The idea that government power is not absolute has roots in ancient Greek and Roman concepts of the rule of law, the Magna Carta which limited the power of the English monarchy, and the Enlightenment - era philosophers like John Locke who argued for natural rights and the social contract. These ideas led to the development of constitutionalism and the separation of powers.
2. The Nuremberg Trials of Nazi war criminals established important principles such as the individual criminal responsibility of leaders for war crimes, crimes against peace, and crimes against humanity. It also affirmed that international law takes precedence over national law in certain cases and that soldiers cannot use "superior orders" as a complete defense for illegal actions.
3. During the Cold War, the United States emphasized civil and political rights such as freedom of speech, press, religion, and the right to a fair - trial, based on its liberal democratic ideology. The Soviet Union, on the other hand, emphasized economic and social rights such as the right to work, free healthcare, and education, which were seen as essential for the well - being of the working class in a socialist state.

Answer:

1. Ancient Greek/Roman rule of law, Magna Carta, Enlightenment philosophers.
2. Individual criminal responsibility, international law precedence, "superior orders" not a full defense.
3. US: civil and political rights; Soviet Union: economic and social rights.