amoeba sisters video recap of mitosis: the amazing cell process that uses division to multiply

1. mitosis is done by your body cells. what types of cells do not undergo mitosis?

2. describe 2 ways that mitosis is important for your body.

3. this illustration is trying to demonstrate something that mitosis is not. in mitosis, the cells that are created are:

4. mitosis is just one small part of the cell cycle! describe what would occur if cells were in mitosis more than they were in interphase.

5. when cells are dividing, it is important to understand that they have to move chromosomes equally to both cells. based on this illustration, describe what a chromosome is made of.

6. mitosis starts and ends with diploid cells. that means they have two sets of chromosomes (both parents each contribute a set). in humans, how many chromosomes should be in each of these diploid cells after mitosis?

the cell cycle
mitosis (10%)
interphase (90%)

chromosomes
dna
proteins

amoeba sisters llc
©all rights reserved

Question

amoeba sisters video recap of mitosis: the amazing cell process that uses division to multiply

1. mitosis is done by your body cells. what types of cells do not undergo mitosis?

2. describe 2 ways that mitosis is important for your body.

3. this illustration is trying to demonstrate something that mitosis is not. in mitosis, the cells that are created are:

4. mitosis is just one small part of the cell cycle! describe what would occur if cells were in mitosis more than they were in interphase.

5. when cells are dividing, it is important to understand that they have to move chromosomes equally to both cells. based on this illustration, describe what a chromosome is made of.

6. mitosis starts and ends with diploid cells. that means they have two sets of chromosomes (both parents each contribute a set). in humans, how many chromosomes should be in each of these diploid cells after mitosis?

the cell cycle
mitosis (10%)
interphase (90%)

chromosomes
dna
proteins

amoeba sisters llc
©all rights reserved

Accepted Answer

### Question 1: What types of cells do not undergo mitosis?
# Brief Explanations:
Cells that do not undergo mitosis are typically gametes (sperm and egg cells) and some specialized cells like mature red blood cells (which lack a nucleus) and neurons (in most cases, as they are post - mitotic). Gametes undergo meiosis instead of mitosis to produce cells with half the number of chromosomes for sexual reproduction. Mature red blood cells have no nucleus, so they can't undergo mitosis. Neurons, in the adult nervous system, generally do not divide via mitosis.
# Answer:
Gametes (sperm and egg cells), mature red blood cells, and most neurons (in adult nervous system) do not undergo mitosis.

### Question 2: Describe 2 ways that mitosis is important for your body.
# Brief Explanations:
1. **Growth**: Mitosis allows for the increase in the number of cells during the growth of an organism. For example, during childhood, mitosis in various tissues like muscle, bone, and skin cells helps the body to grow in size.
2. **Repair**: When the body is injured, such as a cut in the skin or a broken bone, mitosis is responsible for replacing the damaged cells. Skin cells at the site of a cut will undergo mitosis to close the wound, and osteoblasts (bone - forming cells) will undergo mitosis to repair the broken bone.
# Answer:
1. Mitosis is important for growth (increasing cell number during development/growth).
2. Mitosis is important for repair (replacing damaged cells, e.g., in wound healing or bone repair).

### Question 3: This illustration is trying to demonstrate something that mitosis is NOT. In mitosis, the cells that are created are:
# Brief Explanations:
In mitosis, the daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cell. So the illustration is likely showing that mitosis does not produce cells that are different in size or genetic makeup in a way that would be characteristic of, for example, meiosis (which produces genetically diverse cells) or a process that creates cells of very different sizes. The cells created in mitosis are identical (in terms of genetic material and usually size/shape) to the parent cell and to each other.
# Answer:
Genetically identical to the parent cell and to each other (and usually same size/shape).

### Question 4: Mitosis is just one small part of the cell cycle! Describe what would occur if cells were in mitosis more than they were in interphase.
# Brief Explanations:
Interphase is the phase where the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and prepares for mitosis. If a cell spends more time in mitosis than interphase, the cell will not have enough time to grow properly (since growth mainly occurs in interphase), and DNA replication (which also occurs in interphase, specifically the S - phase) will not be completed adequately. This would lead to cells that are too small, with incomplete or damaged DNA, which can disrupt normal cell function, lead to cell death, or cause genetic abnormalities.
# Answer:
Cells would not grow enough (due to lack of interphase growth), DNA replication would be inadequate, leading to small cells with damaged/incomplete DNA, disrupting function, causing cell death or genetic abnormalities.

### Question 5: When cells are dividing, it is important to understand that they have to move chromosomes equally to both cells. Based on this illustration, describe what a chromosome is made of.
# Brief Explanations:
From the illustration (showing DNA and proteins), a chromosome is made up of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and proteins. The DNA carries the genetic information, and the proteins (like histones) help in packaging the DNA into a compact structure that can be easily moved during cell division.
# Answer:
A chromosome is made of DNA and proteins.

### Question 6: Mitosis starts and ends with diploid cells. That means they have two sets of chromosomes (both parents each contribute a set). In humans, how many chromosomes should be in each of these diploid cells after mitosis?
# Brief Explanations:
Human cells have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in diploid cells. Mitosis is a process of cell division that results in daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. So after mitosis, each diploid human cell will have 46 chromosomes.
# Explanation:
## Step 1: Recall human diploid chromosome number
Human diploid cells have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) before mitosis.
## Step 2: Apply mitosis principle
Mitosis produces daughter cells with the same chromosome number as the parent cell. So the number of chromosomes in each diploid cell after mitosis is the same as the diploid number.
# Answer:
46

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Explanation:

Question 1: What types of cells do not undergo mitosis?

Answer:

Question 2: Describe 2 ways that mitosis is important for your body.