Question

1. analyzing many executive department heads are elected in their own right, not appointed by the governor. how can that affect the governors ability to direct them? why?

Explanation:

In a political system, elected executive - department heads have their own authority. They are not under the direct appointment - control of the governor. This can limit the governor's ability to directly manage or influence these departments as they have an independent electoral mandate. The governor may face challenges in implementing policies if the elected heads of departments have different agendas or priorities.

Answer:

Elected executive - department heads having their own right (not appointed by the governor) can limit the governor's ability to directly manage them because they have an independent electoral base and their own authority, which may lead to conflicts in policy - implementation and management.