Question

1. briefly explain the role of the 3 types of rna in protein synthesis.

mrna-
rrna-
trna-

1. list all the possible codons for the amino acid, threonine.
2. transcribe and translate the following dna sequence: tac ccg tca gtg aaa cat att

codon chart (first letter, second letter, third letter with amino acid mappings)

1. transcribe and translate the following dna sequence: tac ctt agt ttt ggg atc
2. distinguish between dna replication and protein synthesis.

Explanation:

1. For the RNA roles:

• mRNA carries genetic code from DNA to ribosomes, acting as a template for protein building.
• rRNA forms the structural and catalytic core of ribosomes, the site of protein synthesis.
• tRNA delivers specific amino acids to ribosomes, matching its anticodon to mRNA codons.

1. Using the provided codon table, locate threonine to find its codons.
2. Transcription: Pair DNA nucleotides to mRNA (A→U, T→A, C→G, G→C). Translation: Use the codon table to match mRNA codons to amino acids, starting with the start codon AUG (methionine) and stopping at a stop codon.
3. Follow the same transcription and translation steps as question 3.
4. Compare the two processes by their purpose, template, products, key enzymes, and location.

Answer:

1.
mRNA- Carries DNA code to ribosomes
rRNA- Forms ribosome structure/catalysis
tRNA- Delivers amino acids to ribosomes

1. ACU, ACC, ACA, ACG

3.
Transcribed mRNA sequence: AUG GGC AGU CAC UUU GUA UAA
Translated amino acid sequence: Methionine - Glycine - Serine - Histidine - Phenylalanine - Valine - Stop
4.
Transcribed mRNA sequence: AUG GAA UCA AAA CCC UAG
Translated amino acid sequence: Methionine - Glutamic Acid - Serine - Lysine - Proline - Stop
5.

Feature	DNA Replication	Protein Synthesis
Template	Entire double-stranded DNA	Single DNA gene strand
Product	Two double-stranded DNA molecules	Polypeptide (protein) chains
Key Molecules	DNA polymerase, dNTPs	RNA polymerase, ribosomes, tRNA, amino acids
Location (Eukaryotes)	Nucleus	Nucleus (transcription) + cytoplasm (translation)
End Result	Genetic material for cell division	Functional proteins for cell processes