Question

carbohydrates are energy - rich molecules that contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. monomers of carbohydrates are simple sugars called monosaccharides. examples of monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, and galactose. monosaccharides bond together to form polymers called polysaccharides. examples of polysaccharides include glycogen, starch, cellulose, and chitin. sources of carbohydrates in the human diet include breads, pasta, starchy vegetables, fruits, and sugary snacks. carbohydrates are the primary source of energy for organisms. glucose is used in cellular respiration to produce atp, the energy currency of cells. in animals, excess glucose is stored in the liver and muscles cells as the polysaccharide glycogen. when glucose levels in organisms is low, glycogen is broken down into glucose and released into the blood. polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates that play many diverse roles in organisms. plants contain cellulose, the most abundant macromolecule on earth. cellulose is a tough fiber that composes plant cell walls and gives plants structural support and rigidity. cellulose is undigestible by most animals, however, when eaten it provides necessary dietary fiber. starch serves as primary energy storage in plants, specifically in plant storage organs such as roots, tubers, and seeds. chitin is a rigid polysaccharide that provides support and protection to the cell walls of fungi and makes up the protective exoskeletons of arthropods. 4. list the monomers and polymers of carbohydrates and give an example of each. 5. compare the functions of glucose and glycogen. 6. describe the roles of cellulose, starch, and chitin.

Explanation:

1. Monosaccharides are monomers of carbohydrates (e.g., glucose). Polysaccharides are polymers (e.g., glycogen).
2. Glucose is used in cellular respiration for ATP production. Glycogen stores excess glucose in animals and releases it when glucose levels are low.
3. Cellulose gives plants structural support. Starch is a primary energy - storage in plants. Chitin provides support and protection to fungi cell walls and arthropod exoskeletons.

Answer:

1. Monomers: Monosaccharides, example: glucose. Polymers: Polysaccharides, example: glycogen.
2. Glucose: Used in cellular respiration to produce ATP. Glycogen: Stores excess glucose in animals and releases glucose when levels are low.
3. Cellulose: Provides structural support to plants. Starch: Primary energy storage in plants. Chitin: Supports and protects fungi cell walls and arthropod exoskeletons.