cell division
1. mitosis occurs in _________ cells and results in __ genetically
____________ daughter cells.
2. list 3 reasons cells undergo mitosis.
3. the body cells of a goldfish have 96 chromosomes. how many chromosomes do
the daughter cells have after mitosis?
4. when cells divide at an uncontrolled rate, what is the result?
5. list four carcinogens (things that cause cancer).
6. list four treatments of cancer.
7. ______________ occurs when mitosis slows down.
compare and contrast:
meiosis
8. what is the purpose of meiosis?
9. how many chromosomes are in human body cells?
10. how many chromosomes are in human sex cells?
11. how many chromosomes are in a fertilized egg cell of a human?
12. a turkey has 80 chromosomes in its body cells. how many chromosomes will be
in the sperm cell of a turkey?
complete the table:
| | diploid number | haploid number |
| horse | 64 | |
| american bison | | 30 |
| tiger | | 19 |
| turkey | 80 | |

Question

cell division
1. mitosis occurs in _________ cells and results in __ genetically
____________ daughter cells.
2. list 3 reasons cells undergo mitosis.
3. the body cells of a goldfish have 96 chromosomes. how many chromosomes do
the daughter cells have after mitosis?
4. when cells divide at an uncontrolled rate, what is the result?
5. list four carcinogens (things that cause cancer).
6. list four treatments of cancer.
7. ______________ occurs when mitosis slows down.
compare and contrast:
meiosis
8. what is the purpose of meiosis?
9. how many chromosomes are in human body cells?
10. how many chromosomes are in human sex cells?
11. how many chromosomes are in a fertilized egg cell of a human?
12. a turkey has 80 chromosomes in its body cells. how many chromosomes will be
in the sperm cell of a turkey?
complete the table:
| | diploid number | haploid number |
| horse | 64 |  |
| american bison |  | 30 |
| tiger |  | 19 |
| turkey | 80 |  |

Accepted Answer

### Question 1
# Explanation:
## Step1: Recall mitosis details
Mitosis occurs in somatic (body) cells. It produces 2 daughter cells that are genetically identical.
# Answer:
somatic (body); 2; identical

### Question 2
# Brief Explanations:
Cells undergo mitosis for growth (increasing cell number for organism growth), repair (replacing damaged or dead cells), and asexual reproduction (in single - celled organisms or some multicellular structures).
# Answer:
1. Growth (increase in the number of cells for the growth of the organism).
2. Repair (replacement of damaged or dead cells in the body).
3. Asexual reproduction (in unicellular organisms or for the production of certain multicellular structures like spores in some plants).

### Question 3
# Explanation:
## Step1: Remember mitosis chromosome behavior
In mitosis, the daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell because the chromosomes are replicated and then equally distributed.
## Step2: Apply to goldfish cells
The parent (body) cell of the goldfish has 96 chromosomes. So after mitosis, the daughter cells will also have 96 chromosomes.
# Answer:
96

### Question 4
# Brief Explanations:
When cells divide at an uncontrolled rate, the result is cancer. Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells.
# Answer:
Cancer

### Question 5
# Brief Explanations:
Carcinogens are substances or agents that can cause cancer. Some common carcinogens are tobacco smoke (contains chemicals like benzopyrene), ultraviolet (UV) radiation (from the sun, causes skin cancer), asbestos (a fibrous mineral, causes lung cancer), and formaldehyde (used in some building materials and products).
# Answer:
1. Tobacco smoke
2. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation
3. Asbestos
4. Formaldehyde

### Question 6
# Brief Explanations:
Cancer treatments aim to remove, kill, or control the growth of cancer cells. Four common treatments are surgery (removing the tumor), chemotherapy (using drugs to kill cancer cells), radiation therapy (using high - energy radiation to kill cancer cells), and immunotherapy (boosting the body's immune system to fight cancer).
# Answer:
1. Surgery (removal of the tumor).
2. Chemotherapy (administration of drugs to kill cancer cells).
3. Radiation therapy (use of high - energy radiation to destroy cancer cells).
4. Immunotherapy (enhancing the body's immune system to combat cancer).

### Question 7
# Brief Explanations:
When mitosis slows down, the process related to the decrease in the rate of cell division and an increase in cell specialization is called differentiation. Differentiation is the process by which cells become specialized in structure and function.
# Answer:
Differentiation

### Question 8
# Brief Explanations:
The purpose of meiosis is to produce gametes (sex cells - sperm and eggs) with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell. This is important for sexual reproduction as it ensures that when the gametes fuse during fertilization, the resulting zygote has the correct diploid number of chromosomes. Also, meiosis introduces genetic variation through processes like crossing over and independent assortment.
# Answer:
The purpose of meiosis is to produce haploid gametes (sex cells: sperm and eggs) for sexual reproduction, which also introduces genetic variation (through crossing over and independent assortment) and ensures that the diploid chromosome number is maintained in the offspring after fertilization.

### Question 9
# Brief Explanations:
Human body cells (somatic cells) are diploid, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes. The number of chromosomes in human body cells is 46 (23 pairs of chromosomes).
# Answer:
46

### Question 10
# Explanation:
## Step1: Recall meiosis and gamete chromosomes
Human sex cells (gametes - sperm and eggs) are produced by meiosis. Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half.
## Step2: Calculate the number of chromosomes in sex cells
Since human body cells have 46 chromosomes, the sex cells will have $\frac{46}{2}=23$ chromosomes.
# Answer:
23

### Question 11
# Explanation:
## Step1: Recall fertilization process
A fertilized egg cell (zygote) is formed by the fusion of a sperm (with 23 chromosomes) and an egg (with 23 chromosomes).
## Step2: Calculate the number of chromosomes in zygote
So the number of chromosomes in a human fertilized egg cell is $23 + 23=46$.
# Answer:
46

### Question 12
# Explanation:
## Step1: Recall meiosis and gamete chromosome number
Sperm cells are gametes, produced by meiosis. In meiosis, the chromosome number is reduced by half.
## Step2: Apply to turkey cells
The turkey's body cells have 80 chromosomes. So the sperm cell (a gamete) will have $\frac{80}{2} = 40$ chromosomes.
# Answer:
40

### Completing the Table
For a species, the haploid number ($n$) is half of the diploid number ($2n$), and the diploid number is twice the haploid number.

- **Horse**:
Diploid number ($2n$) = 64, so haploid number ($n$)=$\frac{64}{2}=32$
- **American Bison**:
Haploid number ($n$) = 30, so diploid number ($2n$)=$30	imes2 = 60$
- **Tiger**:
Haploid number ($n$) = 19, so diploid number ($2n$)=$19	imes2=38$
- **Turkey**:
Diploid number ($2n$) = 80, so haploid number ($n$)=$\frac{80}{2} = 40$

| Species       | Diploid number | Haploid number |
|---------------|----------------|----------------|
| Horse         | 64             | 32             |
| American Bison| 60             | 30             |
| Tiger         | 38             | 19             |
| Turkey        | 80             | 40             |

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QUESTION IMAGE

Question

Explanation:

Question 1

Step1: Recall mitosis details

Step1: Remember mitosis chromosome behavior

Step2: Apply to goldfish cells

Answer:

Question 2

	diploid number	haploid number
horse	64
american bison		30
tiger		19
turkey	80