Question

cellular reproduction mcgraw hill inspire biology pgs. 220 - 230
use the terms in the left column to complete the paragraph below.
chromatin is the relaxed form of dna. chromosomes are condensed structures that contain the dna that are visible during mitosis. a nucleosome is a repeating unit of chromatin fibers, consisting of dna coiled around histones. cells reproduce by a cycle of growing and dividing called the cell cycle. during interphase a cell grows, matures, and replicates its dna. mitosis is the stage of the cell cycle where the cell’s nucleus and nuclear material divide. in prophase, the cell’s chromatin condenses to form chromosomes. sister chromatids are structures that contain identical copies of dna. the structure at the center of the chromosome where the sister chromatids are attached is called the centromere. prophase continues, and the nucleolus starts to disappear. the spindle apparatus is the structure made of spindle fibers, centrioles, and aster fibers that is involved in moving and organizing chromosomes where the sister chromatids are attached is called the
prophase continues, and the nucleolus starts to disappear. the
is the structure made of spindle fibers, centrioles, and aster fibers that is involved in moving and organizing chromosomes before the cell divides. the second stage of mitosis in which chromosomes attach to the spindle apparatus and align along the cell’s equator is called. during, microtubules shorten, moving the chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell
is the last stage of mitosis where the nucleoli reappear. two new nuclear membranes begin to form, but the cell is not completely divided. the cell begins, in which the cell’s cytoplasm divides. this results in two cells with identical nuclei.
cells have instructions to carry out the cell cycle. proteins called
bind to enzymes called in the stages of interphase and mitosis to initiate various activities at different stages in the cell cycle. not all cells survive. some go through a process called, or programmed cell death. is the uncontrolled growth and division of cells, which is a failure in the regulation of the cell cycle. a is a substance that is known to cause cancer.

Explanation:

Each term is matched to its definition based on cellular reproduction (mitosis and cell cycle) concepts:

1. Relaxed DNA form = chromatin
2. Condensed visible DNA structures = chromosomes
3. Repeating chromatin unit = nucleosome
4. Growth/division cycle = cell cycle
5. Growth/DNA replication stage = interphase
6. Nuclear division stage = mitosis
7. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes = prophase
8. Identical DNA copies = sister chromatids
9. Sister chromatid attachment site = centromere
10. Structure moving chromosomes = spindle apparatus
11. Chromosomes align at equator = metaphase
12. Chromosomes pulled to poles = anaphase
13. Nuclei reform = telophase
14. Cytoplasm divides = cytokinesis
15. Cell cycle regulatory proteins = cyclins
16. Enzymes bound by cyclins = cyclin-dependent kinase
17. Programmed cell death = apoptosis
18. Uncontrolled cell growth = cancer
19. Cancer-causing substance = carcinogen

Answer:

Filled paragraph (correct terms in order of blanks):
Chromatin is the relaxed form of DNA. Chromosomes are condensed structures that contain the DNA that are visible during mitosis. A nucleosome is a repeating unit of chromatin fibers, consisting of DNA coiled around histones. Cells reproduce by a cycle of growing and dividing called the cell cycle. During interphase, a cell grows, matures, and replicates its DNA. Mitosis is the stage of the cell cycle where the cell's nucleus and nuclear material divide. In prophase, the cell's chromatin condenses to form chromosomes. Sister chromatids are structures that contain identical copies of DNA. The structure at the center of the chromosome where the sister chromatids are attached is called the centromere. Prophase continues, and the nucleolus starts to disappear. The spindle apparatus is the structure made of spindle fibers, centrioles, and aster fibers that is involved in moving and organizing chromosomes before the cell divides. The second stage of mitosis in which chromosomes attach to the spindle apparatus and align along the cell's equator is called metaphase. During anaphase, microtubules shorten, moving the chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell. Telophase is the last stage of mitosis where the nucleoli reappear. Two new nuclear membranes begin to form, but the cell is not completely divided. The cell begins cytokinesis, in which the cell's cytoplasm divides. This results in two cells with identical nuclei.
Cells have instructions to carry out the cell cycle. Proteins called cyclins bind to enzymes called cyclin-dependent kinase in the stages of interphase and mitosis to initiate various activities at different stages in the cell cycle. Not all cells survive. Some go through a process called apoptosis, or programmed cell death. Cancer is the uncontrolled growth and division of cells, which is a failure in the regulation of the cell cycle. A carcinogen is a substance that is known to cause cancer.