Question

chapter 3 federalism
learning objectives

1. explain the constitutional foundations of federalism.
2. trace how federalism has evolved over u.s. history.
3. identify the different types of powers shared by state and federal governments.
4. describe how federalism shapes political participation and policy outcomes.
5. discuss contemporary debates over federalism.

i. defining federalism

• federalism is a system of government where power is divided between the ____ government and ____ governments.
• the u.s. constitution provides for a system of ______ government.
• key difference from a unitary system: in a unitary system, power is held by ______

ii. constitutional foundations of federalism

1. the constitution establishes federalism through:

a. enumerated powers: powers granted to the ______ government.
b. reserved powers: powers kept by the ____ under the ____ amendment.
c. concurrent powers: powers shared by ____ and ____.
d. the necessary and proper clause (also called the “______ clause”) expands federal authority.
e. the supremacy clause declares that federal law is the “______ law of the land.”
iii. the evolution of federalism in the u.s.

1. dual federalism (1789–1937): known as “____ cake federalism.” national and state governments had ____ responsibilities.

Explanation:

To solve these fill - in - the - blank questions about federalism, we rely on the basic knowledge of the U.S. federal system:

I. Defining Federalism

• Federalism is a system of government where power is divided between the national (federal) government and state (regional) governments.
• The U.S. Constitution provides for a system of federal government.
• In a unitary system, power is held by the central government.

II. Constitutional Foundations of Federalism

• Enumerated powers: Powers granted to the federal government.
• Reserved powers: Powers kept by the states under the 10th Amendment.
• Concurrent powers: Powers shared by the federal government and the states.
• The Necessary and Proper Clause is also called the “Elastic Clause”.
• The Supremacy Clause declares that federal law is the “supreme law of the land.”

III. The Evolution of Federalism in the U.S.

• Dual Federalism (1789 - 1937) is known as “layered (or marble) cake federalism.” National and state governments had separate (distinct) responsibilities.

Answer:

s:
I. Defining Federalism

• Federalism is a system of government where power is divided between the \(\boldsymbol{\text{national (federal)}}\) government and \(\boldsymbol{\text{state (regional)}}\) governments.
• The U.S. Constitution provides for a system of \(\boldsymbol{\text{federal}}\) government.
• In a unitary system, power is held by the \(\boldsymbol{\text{central}}\) government.

II. Constitutional Foundations of Federalism

• Enumerated powers: Powers granted to the \(\boldsymbol{\text{federal}}\) government.
• Reserved powers: Powers kept by the \(\boldsymbol{\text{states}}\) under the \(\boldsymbol{\text{10th}}\) Amendment.
• Concurrent powers: Powers shared by \(\boldsymbol{\text{federal government}}\) and \(\boldsymbol{\text{states}}\).
• The Necessary and Proper Clause (also called the “\(\boldsymbol{\text{Elastic}}\) Clause”) expands federal authority.
• The Supremacy Clause declares that federal law is the “\(\boldsymbol{\text{supreme}}\) law of the land.”

III. The Evolution of Federalism in the U.S.

• Dual Federalism (1789–1937): Known as “\(\boldsymbol{\text{layered (or marble)}}\) cake federalism.” National and state governments had \(\boldsymbol{\text{separate (distinct)}}\) responsibilities.