Question

chromosome
made up of:
role of histones:
homologous pair:
number of chromosomes in human somatic cells:

Explanation:

1. Chromosomes are primarily composed of DNA (genetic material) and proteins (histones).
2. Histones are proteins that package and organize DNA into a compact structure, helping fit long DNA strands into the cell nucleus and regulating gene access.
3. A homologous pair consists of two chromosomes (one inherited from each parent) that have the same gene sequence, size, and centromere position, controlling the same traits.
4. Human somatic (body) cells are diploid, containing two sets of chromosomes from each parent.

Answer:

Made up of: DNA and histone proteins
Role of histones: Package and organize DNA
Homologous pair: Two matching chromosomes (one from each parent) with identical gene loci
Number of chromosomes in human somatic cells: 46