Question

classical and worldly values pages 38 - 39
what new values did people hold?
the new interest in the classical past led to an important value in renaissance culture—human - ism. this was a deep interest in what people have already achieved as well as what they could achieve in the future. scholars did not try to connect classical writings to christian teaching. instead, they tried to understand them on their own terms.
in the middle ages, the emphasis had been mostly on spiritual values. renaissance thinkers stressed secular ideas. these ideas centered on the things of the world. one way that powerful or wealthy people showed this interest in worldly things was by paying artists, writers, and musicians to create beautiful works of art. wealthy people who supported artists were known as patrons.
people tried to show that they could master many fields of study or work. someone who succeeded in many fields was admired greatly. the artist leonardo da vinci was an example of this ideal. he was a painter, a scientist, and an inventor. men were expected to be charming, witty, well - educated, well mannered, athletic, and self - con - trolled. women were expected too have many accomplishments too. but, women were not to show them in public.

1. what are secular ideas?
2. how did the methods and subjects in art change?

renaissance writers change literature pages 41 - 42
how did literature change during the renaissance?
renaissance writers also achieved greatness. several wrote in the vernacular. this means they wrote in their native languages. it was a change from the middle ages, when most writing was done in latin. writers also changed their subject matter. they began to express their own thoughts and feelings. sometimes they gave a detailed look at an individual. dante and others wrote poetry, letters, and stories that were more realistic. niccoló machiavelli took a new approach to under - standing government. he focused on telling rulers how to expand their power. he believed rulers should do what was politically effective, even if it was not morally right.

1. what did renaissance writers write about?

Explanation:

1. Secular ideas centered on worldly things, moving away from spiritual - only focus of Middle Ages, emphasizing human achievements and worldly matters.
2. Renaissance writers wrote in vernacular, expressed personal thoughts and feelings, and covered more realistic topics like in Dante's poetry and Niccoló Machiavelli's political works.

Answer:

1. Secular ideas are ideas centered on the things of the world, as opposed to spiritual values emphasized in the Middle Ages. Renaissance thinkers stressed these ideas, and wealthy patrons supported artists to create works related to worldly interests.
2. Renaissance writers wrote in the vernacular, expressed their own thoughts and feelings, and covered topics from detailed looks at individuals (like in Dante's poetry) to new approaches to government (like Machiavelli's work on how rulers can expand power).