Question

column a - people1. philip ii2. john locke3. voltaire4. montesquieu5. thomas hobbes6. peter the great7. rousseau8. napoleon9. louis xiv10. louis xvi11. thomas jefferson12. robespierre13. 1st estate14. 2nd estate15. 3rd estatecolumn b - descriptionsa. believed in natural rights: life, liberty, and propertyb. french king known as the \sun king\; built versaillesc. russian czar who modernized and westernized russiad. french enlightenment thinker who supported freedom of speeche. french revolutionary leader during the reign of terrorf. french emperor who rose to power after the revolutiong. wrote the social contract; believed in popular sovereigntyh. believed in strong central authority; wrote leviathani. french king executed during the revolutionj. spanish monarch who ruled with absolute powerk. american founding father influenced by enlightenment ideasl. nobility; second social class in francem. clergy; first social class in francen. commoners; largest and poorest social class in franceo. believed in separation of powers in government

Explanation:

Matches are based on key historical facts about each figure and social class:

1. Philip II was an absolute Spanish monarch.
2. John Locke argued for natural rights of life, liberty, property.
3. Voltaire advocated for freedom of speech.
4. Montesquieu proposed separation of powers.
5. Thomas Hobbes wrote Leviathan and supported strong central authority.
6. Peter the Great modernized and westernized Russia.
7. Rousseau wrote The Social Contract and supported popular sovereignty.
8. Napoleon became emperor post-French Revolution.
9. Louis XIV was the "Sun King" who built Versailles.
10. Louis XVI was executed during the French Revolution.
11. Thomas Jefferson was an American Founding Father influenced by Enlightenment ideas.
12. Robespierre led during the French Revolution's Reign of Terror.
13. The 1st Estate in France was the clergy.
14. The 2nd Estate in France was the nobility.
15. The 3rd Estate in France was the commoners.

Answer:

1. J. Spanish monarch who ruled with absolute power
2. A. Believed in natural rights: life, liberty, and property
3. D. French Enlightenment thinker who supported freedom of speech
4. O. Believed in separation of powers in government
5. H. Believed in strong central authority; wrote Leviathan
6. C. Russian czar who modernized and westernized Russia
7. G. Wrote The Social Contract; believed in popular sovereignty
8. F. French emperor who rose to power after the Revolution
9. B. French king known as the "Sun King"; built Versailles
10. I. French king executed during the Revolution
11. K. American Founding Father influenced by Enlightenment ideas
12. E. French revolutionary leader during the Reign of Terror
13. M. Clergy; first social class in France
14. L. Nobility; second social class in France
15. N. Commoners; largest and poorest social class in France