Question

directions complete the chart. use it to show how each pair of items is alike and different.

	similarities	differences
gregor mendel/thomas morgan	3.	4.
human sex cells/other human cells	5.	6.
human egg cells/human sperm cells	7.	8.
sex - linked traits/other traits of an organism	9.	10.

directions define each term.

1. gamete

1. zygote

1. carrier

1. x chromosome

1. y chromosome

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biology

Explanation:

1. Both meiosis and mitosis are cell - division processes. Meiosis produces gametes with half the chromosome number, while mitosis produces genetically identical somatic cells.
2. Gregor Mendel and Thomas Morgan were both geneticists. Mendel discovered basic inheritance laws through pea - plant experiments, and Morgan's work with fruit flies confirmed the chromosome theory of inheritance.
3. Human sex cells and other human cells contain DNA. Sex cells are haploid and involved in reproduction, while other human cells are diploid.
4. Human egg cells and sperm cells are both gametes. Egg cells are large, non - motile, and contain nutrients; sperm cells are small, motile, and have a tail for swimming.
5. Sex - linked traits and other organism traits are determined by genes. Sex - linked traits are carried on sex chromosomes and show different inheritance patterns in males and females compared to autosomal traits.
6. A gamete is a reproductive cell (sperm or egg) that has half the number of chromosomes of a somatic cell and is involved in sexual reproduction.
7. A zygote is a fertilized egg cell formed by the fusion of a sperm and an egg, which develops into a new organism.
8. A carrier is an individual who has one copy of a recessive allele for a genetic disorder but does not show symptoms of the disorder.
9. The X chromosome is one of the two sex chromosomes in humans and many other animals. Females have two X chromosomes (XX), and males have one X and one Y chromosome (XY).
10. The Y chromosome is one of the two sex chromosomes in humans and many other animals. It is present in males (XY) and is responsible for male - determining characteristics.

Answer:

1. Similarities: Both are cell - division processes. Differences: Meiosis produces haploid gametes, mitosis produces diploid somatic cells.
2. Similarities: Both are geneticists. Differences: Mendel discovered basic inheritance laws, Morgan confirmed chromosome theory.
3. Similarities: Contain DNA. Differences: Sex cells are haploid and for reproduction, others are diploid.
4. Similarities: Both are gametes. Differences: Egg cells are large and non - motile, sperm cells are small and motile.
5. Similarities: Determined by genes. Differences: Sex - linked traits on sex chromosomes, show different inheritance.
6. A reproductive cell (sperm or egg) with half the number of chromosomes of a somatic cell, involved in sexual reproduction.
7. A fertilized egg cell formed by sperm - egg fusion, developing into a new organism.
8. An individual with one copy of a recessive allele for a genetic disorder but no symptoms.
9. One of the two sex chromosomes; females have two, males have one.
10. One of the two sex chromosomes; present in males and responsible for male - determining characteristics.