Question

drag the labels to the image. the labels can be used more than once, but not all labels will be used. complete the model of the lactic acid fermentation process. nadh nad⁺ atp adp glucose glycolysis pyruvate lactic acid adp atp

Explanation:

Step1: Analyze glycolysis part

In glycolysis, glucose is broken down. The reactants for the cycle (the curved arrow) related to NAD and ATP/ADP: For the top - left box in glycolysis cycle, we know that in glycolysis, \(NAD^+\) is reduced to \(NADH\), and ADP is phosphorylated to ATP. Wait, the curved arrow above glycolysis: the left box and right box. Let's recall glycolysis: glucose enters glycolysis, and during glycolysis, \(NAD^+\) is converted to \(NADH\) (reduction), and ADP is converted to ATP (phosphorylation). Wait, the curved arrow: the input and output. For the first cycle (above glycolysis, left box and right box): The left box should be \(NAD^+\) and the right box \(NADH\)? Wait no, wait the direction of the arrow. The curved arrow is a cycle, so the input and output. Wait, in glycolysis, the reaction that regenerates or is part of the cycle: Wait, the first part (glucose to pyruvate via glycolysis) has a cycle with ADP and ATP (we see ADP going in and ATP coming out). Then for the NAD part: in glycolysis, \(NAD^+\) is used (converted to \(NADH\)). So the top - left box (first cycle, left) is \(NAD^+\), top - right is \(NADH\)? Wait no, let's think again.

Wait, the glycolysis step: glucose → pyruvate. The curved arrow above glycolysis: the left box and right box. The arrow is a cycle, so the substance going into the cycle and coming out. For the NAD - related cycle: \(NAD^+\) is the input, \(NADH\) is the output? Wait, no, in glycolysis, glyceraldehyde - 3 - phosphate is oxidized, and \(NAD^+\) is reduced to \(NADH\). So the left box (input to the cycle) is \(NAD^+\), right box (output) is \(NADH\). Then for the ADP - ATP cycle (the curved arrow below glycolysis: ADP goes in, ATP comes out). Now, for the pyruvate to lactic acid step: pyruvate is converted to lactic acid, and \(NADH\) is oxidized to \(NAD^+\). So the cycle above pyruvate to lactic acid: the left box is \(NADH\), right box is \(NAD^+\).

So let's break it down:

1. Glycolysis cycle (above glucose → pyruvate):
- Left box: \(NAD^+\) (because \(NAD^+\) is used in glycolysis to be reduced)
- Right box: \(NADH\) (because \(NAD^+\) is reduced to \(NADH\) in glycolysis)
- And we also have the ADP - ATP cycle (below glycolysis: ADP in, ATP out)

2. Pyruvate to lactic acid cycle (above pyruvate → lactic acid):
- Left box: \(NADH\) (because \(NADH\) is oxidized to \(NAD^+\) in lactic acid fermentation)
- Right box: \(NAD^+\) (because \(NADH\) is converted back to \(NAD^+\) when pyruvate is converted to lactic acid)

Step2: Assign labels

- For the first cycle (above glycolysis, left box): \(NAD^+\)
- For the first cycle (above glycolysis, right box): \(NADH\)
- For the second cycle (above pyruvate to lactic acid, left box): \(NADH\)
- For the second cycle (above pyruvate to lactic acid, right box): \(NAD^+\)

Wait, let's check the labels: the available labels are \(NADH\), \(NAD^+\), \(ATP\), \(ADP\).

Wait, the first cycle (above glycolysis):
- The left box (input to the cycle) is \(NAD^+\), right box (output) is \(NADH\)
- The cycle below glycolysis: ADP in, ATP out (we see ADP and ATP, so that's already partially labeled)

Then for the pyruvate to lactic acid cycle (above that step):
- The left box (input to the cycle) is \(NADH\), right box (output) is \(NAD^+\) (because in lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced to lactic acid, and \(NADH\) is oxidized to \(NAD^+\))

So putting it all together:

- First cycle (above glycolysis, left): \(NAD^+\)
- First cycle (above glycolysis, right): \(NADH\)
- Second cycle (above pyruvate to lactic acid, left): \(NADH\)
- Second cycle (above pyruvate to lactic acid, right): \(NAD^+\)

Answer:

For the glycolysis - related cycle (above glucose → pyruvate):

• Left box: \(NAD^+\)
• Right box: \(NADH\)

For the lactic acid fermentation - related cycle (above pyruvate → lactic acid):

• Left box: \(NADH\)
• Right box: \(NAD^+\)

(The ADP - ATP cycle below glycolysis is already partially labeled with ADP in and ATP out, so we focus on the NAD - related cycles here as the main part to label for the question's drag - and - drop)