Question

the following data were collected by observing subcellular components in three different types of eukaryotic cells.
relative amounts of organelles in three cell types
cell type smooth er rough er mitochondria cilia golgi bodies
x small amount small amount large number present small amount
y large amount large amount moderate number absent large amount
z absent absent absent absent absent
based on an analysis of the data, identify a likely primary function of each cell type and explain how the data support the identification.
note on your ap exam, you will handwrite your responses to free - response questions in a test booklet

Explanation:

Cell - Type X: The large number of mitochondria suggests high - energy requirements, and the presence of cilia indicates movement or moving substances across the cell surface. So it may be involved in movement and requires a lot of energy.
Cell - Type Y: The large amounts of smooth and rough ER and Golgi bodies suggest it is involved in protein and lipid synthesis and secretion. The moderate number of mitochondria provides energy for these synthetic processes.
Cell - Type Z: The absence of all these organelles indicates it may be a very specialized cell, perhaps a red blood cell in mammals which lacks most organelles to maximize space for carrying oxygen.

Answer:

Cell Type X: Likely involved in movement and high - energy processes due to many mitochondria and presence of cilia.
Cell Type Y: Likely involved in protein and lipid synthesis and secretion due to large amounts of ER and Golgi bodies.
Cell Type Z: Likely a specialized cell with minimal synthetic or energy - demanding functions, such as a mammalian red blood cell.