Question

(4) go beyond the facts: choose one answer.
(a) if joan had not claimed to have divine guidance, the generals probably would never have permitted her to lead the army.
(b) if joan of arc lived today, she would undoubtedly be hired by our present administration to try to solve some of our long - standing national problems.
(c) joan of arc has been an enduring symbol of right and might conquering wrong for over five hundred years.
(d) if joan had only been imprisoned for life and not burned at the stake, she would not have been declared a saint.
(5) determine the writer’s style and technique: choose one answer.
(a) uses facts to show cause and effect.
(b) uses a story to create an example of interpretation.
(c) uses a fable to make a moral point.
(d) uses an historical event to demonstrate that people in positions of authority often make mistakes.

Explanation:

Question (4)

• Option (a): This is a reasonable historical inference. Joan's claim of divine guidance was crucial for her to gain the generals' approval to lead the army in her time.
• Option (b): This is too speculative and anachronistic, as Joan of Arc's context and skills are specific to her era, and there's no basis to say she'd be hired by today's administration.
• Option (c): This is a factual statement about Joan of Arc's enduring symbolic status over five hundred years, which is a matter of historical and cultural record.
• Option (d): The process of canonization (declaring a saint) is complex and not solely dependent on the manner of death, so this is a flawed assumption.

Among these, option (c) is a statement of fact about Joan of Arc's symbolic significance, while (a) is a plausible inference, (b) is overly speculative, and (d) is incorrect. If we consider "going beyond the facts" as making inferences or interpretations, (a) is an inference about what would have happened, but (c) is a factual statement. However, if the question is about which is a valid "beyond facts" (interpretation/inference) that is reasonable, (a) is a reasonable inference based on historical context. But if we consider which is a true statement, (c) is a true statement about her symbolic status. Assuming the question is about a reasonable interpretation, (a) is more of an inference, but (c) is a factual statement. If we have to choose one, (c) is a well - established fact about Joan of Arc's legacy.

• Option (a): If the writer uses facts to show cause and effect, there should be a clear presentation of factual events and their causal relationships. But the context here (about Joan of Arc) doesn't seem to be focused on cause - effect through facts in the way this option suggests.
• Option (b): Using a story to create an example of interpretation is not very relevant as Joan of Arc's story is historical, not just a story for interpretation in a simple sense.
• Option (c): A fable is a fictional story with a moral, and Joan of Arc's story is historical, not a fable.
• Option (d): The story of Joan of Arc, including her trial and execution, can be used to demonstrate that people in authority (the church and state authorities of her time) made mistakes in how they treated her. This is a common theme in discussions of her story, as her condemnation was later found to be unjust, showing that those in authority can err.

Answer:

(c) Joan of Arc has been an enduring symbol of right and might conquering wrong for over five hundred years.

Question (5)