Question

1. hemoglobin is: a) the fluid portion of the blood that transports cells throughout the body. b) essential for the formation of clots, such as when vessel damage occurs. c) found within the red blood cells and is responsible for carrying oxygen. d) a key component of the blood and is produced in response to an infection. 8. which of the following statements regarding sickle cell disease is correct? a) sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder that causes the blood to clot too quickly. b) in sickle cell disease, the red blood cells are abnormally shaped and are less able to carry oxygen. c) the red blood cells of patients with sickle cell disease are round and contain hemoglobin. d) because of their abnormal shape, red blood cells in patients with sickle cell disease are less apt to lodge in a blood vessel. 9. which of the following respiratory patterns is associated with an attempt to compensate for diabetic ketoacidosis? a) eupnea b) kussmaul c) biot’s d) cheyne - stokes 10. if a hernia is incarcerated and the contents are so greatly compressed that circulation is compromised, the hernia is said to be: a. reducible. b. ruptured. c. strangulated. d. congenital. 11. which of the following is not a solid organ? a. liver b. kidney c. spleen d. gallbladder 12. what are the two main components of blood? a. erythrocytes and hemoglobin b. cells and plasma c. leukocytes and white blood cells d. platelets and neutrophils 13. patients with diabetic ketoacidosis experience polydipsia because: a. they are dehydrated secondary to excessive urination. b. the cells of the body are starved due to a lack of glucose. c. fatty acids are being metabolized at the cellular level. d. hyperglycemia usually causes severe internal water loss.

Explanation:

• Question 7: Hemoglobin is an oxygen - carrying protein located in red blood cells. Option A describes plasma, B describes platelets, and D describes white blood cells in part. So C is correct.
• Question 8: Sickle - cell disease is an inherited disorder where red blood cells are abnormally shaped (sickle - shaped) and less able to carry oxygen. Option A is about clotting disorders not sickle - cell, C is wrong as they are not round, and D is wrong as they are more likely to lodge. So B is correct.
• Question 9: Kussmaul respirations are deep, rapid breaths that occur as the body tries to compensate for the acidosis in diabetic ketoacidosis. Eupnea is normal breathing, Biot's are irregular, and Cheyne - Stokes are a pattern of waxing and waning breathing. So B is correct.
• Question 10: A strangulated hernia is one where the incarcerated hernia has compromised circulation. A reducible hernia can be pushed back, a ruptured hernia has a tear, and a congenital hernia is present at birth. So C is correct.
• Question 11: The gallbladder is a hollow organ that stores bile. The liver, kidney, and spleen are solid organs. So D is correct.
• Question 12: The two main components of blood are cells (including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets) and plasma. Erythrocytes are a type of cell and hemoglobin is in them, leukocytes and white blood cells are the same, and platelets and neutrophils are subsets of blood components. So B is correct.
• Question 13: In diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperglycemia causes osmotic diuresis, leading to excessive urination and subsequent dehydration, which causes polydipsia. The other options do not directly relate to the cause of polydipsia. So A is correct.

Answer:

1. C. found within the red blood cells and is responsible for carrying oxygen.
2. B. In sickle cell disease, the red blood cells are abnormally shaped and are less able to carry oxygen.
3. B. Kussmaul
4. C. strangulated.
5. D. Gallbladder
6. B. Cells and plasma
7. A. they are dehydrated secondary to excessive urination.