Question

1. highlight (or circle) the items below that are impacts of the scientific revolution

innovations in mathematics
discovery of gravity
theory of capitalism
end of the monarchy in france
innovations in astronomy
bill of rights
enlightenment

1. define both of the following terms. who came up with these ideas?

a. separation of powers
b. checks and balances

Explanation:

Question 1:

a. Separation of Powers is a core Enlightenment political principle that divides governmental authority into separate, independent branches, ensuring no single branch holds total control. This concept was formalized by the French philosopher Baron de Montesquieu in his work The Spirit of the Laws.
b. Checks and Balances is a complementary system to separation of powers, where each branch of government has the ability to oversee and restrict the actions of the other branches (e.g., a president vetoing legislation, a court striking down an executive order). This idea was also developed by Baron de Montesquieu to further safeguard against authoritarian rule.

Question 4:

The Scientific Revolution focused on advancements in natural sciences and mathematics. Innovations in mathematics (e.g., calculus), the discovery of gravity (Newton's work), and innovations in astronomy (e.g., heliocentrism) are direct outcomes of this movement. The end of the French monarchy, Bill of Rights, and theory of capitalism are tied to political and economic changes (Enlightenment, revolutions, economic theory) rather than the Scientific Revolution.

Answer:

Question 1:

a. Separation of Powers: A system splitting government into distinct branches (e.g., legislative, executive, judicial) to prevent concentrated power; developed by Baron de Montesquieu.
b. Checks and Balances: A system where each government branch can limit the actions of the others to prevent abuse of power; developed by Baron de Montesquieu.

Question 4:

• Innovations in mathematics
• Discovery of gravity
• Innovations in astronomy