Question

(b) a hospital found that a lower outside temperature indicates a higher number of patient visits. what can we determine from this information?
there is no correlation between outside temperature and number of patient visits.
there is a correlation between outside temperature and number of patient visits.
increase in the number of patient visits with a decrease in the temperature outside.
there is a correlation between outside temperature and number of patient visits. however, there is no causation. this is because there is an increase in the number of patient visits with a decrease in the temperature outside.
there is a correlation between outside temperature and number of patient visits. there may or may not be causation. further studies would have to be done to determine this.
(c) mr. rogers studied his students biology test scores and sleeping habits. he found that students who slept less tended to earn lower scores on the test. what conclusion should he make?
there is no correlation between test score and amount of sleep.
there is a correlation between test score and amount of sleep. there is probably also causation. this is because there is a decrease in a students test score with a decrease in the amount of sleep.
there is a correlation between test score and amount of sleep.
there is a correlation between test score and amount of sleep. there may or may not be causation. further studies would have to be done to determine this.

Explanation:

In (b), a lower outside temperature is associated with a higher number of patient visits, showing a correlation. But just this association doesn't prove causation. In (c), students who slept less tended to have lower test - scores, indicating a correlation, yet causation isn't certain without more studies.

Answer:

(b) There is a correlation between outside temperature and number of patient visits. There may or may not be causation. Further studies would have to be done to determine this.
(c) There is a correlation between test score and amount of sleep. There may or may not be causation. Further studies would have to be done to determine this.