Question

how does paragraph 4 refine the concept of guanaco mobility? a by explaining that guanacos are able to swim effectively b by questioning guanacos’ methods of exploration and discovery c by revealing that guanacos often prefer swimming to walking d by showing guanacos travel more effectively in groups
northern patagonia near a house, though not under any restraint. they are in this state very bold, and readily attack a man by striking him from behind with both knees. it is asserted that the motive for these attacks is jealousy on account of their females. the wild guanacos, however, have no idea of defense; even a single dog will secure one of these large animals, till the huntsman can come up. in many of their habits they are like sheep in a flock. thus when they see men approaching in several directions on horseback, they soon become bewildered, and know not which way to run. this greatly facilitates the native american method of hunting, for they are thus easily driven to a central point, and are encompassed.
④ the guanacos readily take to the water: several times at port valdes they were seen swimming from island to island. byron, in his voyage, says he saw them drinking salt water. some of our officers likewise saw a herd apparently drinking the briny fluid from a salina near cape blanco. i imagine in several parts of the country, if they do not drink salt water, they drink none at all. in the middle of the day they frequently roll in the dust, in saucer - shaped hollows. the males fight together; two one day passed quite close to me, squealing and trying to bite each other. herds sometimes appear to set out on exploring parties; at bahia blanca, where, within thirty miles of the coast, these animals are extremely infrequent, i one day saw the tracks of thirty or forty, which had come in a direct line to a muddy saltwater creek. they then must have perceived that they were approaching the sea, for they had wheeled with the regularity of cavalry, and had returned back in as straight a line as they had advanced.
¹ quadruped: an animal that has four feet, especially an animal with hooves
² byron: john byron (1723 - 1786), an english naval commander and grandfather of the poet george gordon byron (lord byron)

Explanation:

To determine how paragraph 4 refines the concept of guanaco mobility, we analyze each option:

• Option A: The paragraph mentions guanacos swimming (from island to island, drinking salt water) and their movement in herds (rolling in dust, fighting, approaching the sea in a line). This shows they can move effectively in water (swimming) and on land (herd movement), explaining their effective mobility.
• Option B: The paragraph does not question their exploration methods; it describes their movements, so B is incorrect.
• Option C: There's no claim that they prefer swimming to walking; the text just notes they swim, so C is wrong.
• Option D: The focus is not on group travel effectiveness but on showing different aspects of their mobility (swimming, land movement), so D is incorrect.

Answer:

A. by explaining that guanacos are able to swim effectively