Question

individuals who believe that an unpleasant experience is unavoidable and therefore do nothing to change the course of events are exhibiting
a.
self - actualization attributes
b.
the fight - or - flight response
c.
attributional deficits
d.
cognitive dissonance
e.
learned helplessness

Explanation:

• Option A: Self - actualization is about fulfilling one's potential, not related to avoiding action due to perceived inevitability.
• Option B: Fight - or - flight is a stress response of either confronting or fleeing, not about doing nothing.
• Option C: Attributional deficits refer to problems in how one attributes causes, not the described behavior.
• Option D: Cognitive dissonance is about conflicting beliefs/attitudes, not about inaction due to perceived inevitability.
• Option E: Learned helplessness occurs when individuals believe a negative event is unavoidable and stop trying to change it, which matches the description.

Answer:

E. learned helplessness