Question

lesson 16
relationships between words
introduction
an analogy shows the relationship between two pairs of words.
heres an example:
fast is to slow as up is to down

• to understand this analogy, think about the relationship between fast and slow. up and down are related in the same way. the words in each pair are antonyms.
• there are different types of analogies. as you study the chart below, think about the relationship between the pairs of words.

type of analogy	example
antonyms	young is to old as smooth is to rough
cause/effect	tired is to sleep as hungry is to eat
part/whole	finger is to hand as petal is to daisy
item/category	carrot is to vegetable as cherry is to fruit

guided practice
write a word to complete each analogy. then write the type of analogy on the line below.
hint
to identify the relationship between the words in the first pair, ask yourself: are the words synonyms or antonyms? is the first word the cause and the second word the effect? is the first word a part and the second word a whole? is the first word an item and the second word the category?
1 scale is to fish as fur is to

2 ice is to freeze as fire is to

3 lighten is to darken as tighten is to as

4 prevent is to stop as rescue is to

5 hurricane is to storm as tulip is to

Explanation:

1. For the first analogy: A scale is a body part of a fish, fur is a body part of a mammal (or a more specific word like dog/cat, but mammal fits the part-whole relationship). The relationship is Part/Whole.
2. For the second analogy: Ice leads to the action of freezing; fire leads to the action of burning. The relationship is Cause/Effect (the original label of synonyms is incorrect).
3. For the third analogy: Lighten and darken are antonyms; the opposite of tighten is loosen. The relationship is Antonyms.
4. For the fourth analogy: Prevent and stop are synonyms; a synonym for rescue is save. The relationship is Synonyms.
5. For the fifth analogy: A hurricane is a type of storm; a tulip is a type of flower. The relationship is Item/Category.

Answer:

1. scale is to fish as fur is to mammal

Type: Part/Whole

1. ice is to freeze as fire is to burn

Type: Cause/Effect

1. lighten is to darken as tighten is to loosen

Type: Antonyms

1. prevent is to stop as rescue is to save

Type: Synonyms

1. hurricane is to storm as tulip is to flower

Type: Item/Category