Question

match the following words to their definition.
column a

1. ____ phenotype
2. ____ genotype
3. ____ myostatin
4. ____ myosin
5. ____ actin
6. ____ allele
7. ____ karyotype
8. ____ pedigree
9. ____ gene

column b
a. a set of two alleles, that makes up an organisms unique set of genes, resulting a specific phenotype.
b. an alternative version of a gene, you get one from each parent and the two of them make up your genotype.
c. an organisms observable of physical traits/characteristics.
d. a protein found in muscle cells. this protein looks like a braid or a rope and allows another protein to hook on to it during muscle contraction.
e. a specific region in dna or a chromosome that codes for a specific trait.
f. a protein found in muscle cells. this protein acts like a hook and pulls another protein to help contract muscles.
g. a protein found in muscle cells. a partially formed version of this protein can result in over growth of the muscle.
h. a chart scientists make that organizes all of the chromosomes in an organism.
i. a record of how genes have been passed down from one generation to the next. like a family tree with traits.

Explanation:

Each term in Column A is matched to its precise biological definition in Column B based on core genetics and cell biology concepts:

1. Phenotype refers to observable physical traits.
2. Genotype is the set of alleles an organism has.
3. Myostatin is a muscle protein regulating muscle growth.
4. Myosin is a muscle protein that acts as a hook to pull actin for contraction.
5. Actin is a rope-like muscle protein that myosin hooks onto.
6. Allele is an alternative version of a gene.
7. Karyotype is an organized chart of an organism's chromosomes.
8. Pedigree is a family-tree style record of inherited traits.
9. Gene is a DNA region coding for a specific trait.

Answer:

1. Phenotype - c. An organisms observable of physical traits/characteristics.
2. Genotype - a. A set of two alleles, that makes up an organism's unique set of genes, resulting a specific phenotype.
3. Myostatin - g. A protein found in muscle cells. A partially formed version of this protein can result in over growth of the muscle.
4. Myosin - f. A protein found in muscle cells. This protein acts like a hook and pulls another protein to help contract muscles.
5. Actin - d. A protein found in muscle cells. This protein looks like a braid or a rope and allows another protein to hook on to it during muscle contraction.
6. Allele - b. An alternative version of a gene, you get one from each parent and the two of them make up your genotype.
7. Karyotype - h. A chart scientists make that organizes all of the chromosomes in an organism.
8. Pedigree - i. A record of how genes have been passed down from one generation to the next. Like a family tree with traits.
9. Gene - e. A specific region in DNA or a chromosome that codes for a specific trait.